First off, a the 38 S&W cannot be fired in a pistol chambered for either the 38 Special or 357 Magnum. They don't fit because the 38 S&W is a bit wider then the other two cartridges.

As for other pistols who chambered for this cartridge, there are a lot of them. It was a very popular cartridge throughout the world, so lots were made. The Webley, Enfield and Smiths are the strongest of the bunch. Iver Johnson and Harrington & Richardson are two other companies who made tons and tons of revolvers in this cartridge. Meridian Arms and Crescent Arms also made a lot of pistols in this caliber, mainly made under other brand names.

There were a lot of other companies, but I can't think of them at the moment. I'm sure someone else will come along and talk more in depth about this cartridge.