The physics of sharpening are the same regardless of the tools.

Use a course stone or diamond on one side until you get a burr on the other side the whole length of the blade. You can feel the burr with your nail. Then hone the other side until there is a burr on the opposite side .

Then take a finer stone and gently hone several times on both sides to make that burr drop off.

This is the basic procedure that has to be done always.

Optionally you can finish the edge by stropping, using a very fine sharpening device or even very fine sandpaper or honing paste - these will help to get the final razor edge.

Some knives cannot be sharpened to razor edge because of steel, heat treatment or edge profile. Or you want to have more blunt edge profile to make it stronger.