The NATO style has become the world standard. It is used by the LE community in the UK.

As for some of the modern radios, I'm not always convinced that they help that much, especially some of the digital systems that convert your voice into vocoder speech. Sure, it is spectrally efficient and easily encrypted, but is it any more understandable? I feel that vocoder speech lacks certain cues that we are used to in listening to somebody talk. I'm sure you get used to it, but a panacea for communication it is not.

The way the brain processes speech is pretty subtle at times and leads to apparently crazy answers. A few years ago there was some work done on intelligibility of comms bandwidth speech in narrow band FM systems and the results were surprising and often way out of line with what a signal to noise meter would tell you. When you get into the effects of strict radio procedure and using a phonetic alphabet things become very hard to quantify.