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  #51  
Old 01-28-2020, 08:51 AM
AndrewWeber AndrewWeber is offline
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Originally Posted by msauter View Post
Is this thread disturbing anybody else?
Why ? I am just doing some research.

If you don't know the answers, let those who do know the answers, answer.
  #52  
Old 01-28-2020, 09:52 AM
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Is this thread disturbing anybody else?
Sort of, but there is no need to participate in it. The others will see soon enough. Probably most already have. Not our business.
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  #53  
Old 01-28-2020, 10:13 AM
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Originally Posted by Model520Fan View Post
Sort of, but there is no need to participate in it. The others will see soon enough. Probably most already have. Not our business.
Ok, thanks for all your answers you have been most helpful.

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  #54  
Old 01-28-2020, 10:42 AM
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Ok, thanks for all your answers you have been most helpful.
You have received more answers than you deserve. You are just now starting to get around to asking your question, even though you have already read enough here that you should know that your question can't be answered, anyway. If you are writing a novel, I suggest that you write it about something you know about.
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  #55  
Old 01-28-2020, 10:52 AM
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My guess: Somebody's writing a book where the hero does this and wants to get it right.
  #56  
Old 01-28-2020, 10:54 AM
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Originally Posted by Model520Fan View Post
You have received more answers than you deserve. You are just now starting to get around to asking your question, even though you have already read enough here that you should know that your question can't be answered, anyway. If you are writing a novel, I suggest that you write it about something you know about.
Why shouldn't anybody here know how far a 38 Special bullet would go after it has gone through a 2x4, shooting at point blank range ? of course they know. But you are scaring them off some reason?
  #57  
Old 01-28-2020, 10:56 AM
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Is this thread disturbing anybody else?
It's 'STRANGE' to say the very least!!!
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  #58  
Old 01-28-2020, 11:12 AM
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Run away!!! Run away!!!
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Old 01-28-2020, 11:12 AM
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Originally Posted by ddixie884 View Post
If the factory round has a jacketed 158gr bullet14gr of 2400 powder giving @ 1300fps. Reducing it by 1gr would probably only reduce by 50 or 75fps. 2gr less 100 or 150fps. At @ 10gr you would be less than 1,000fps. Going down to 8gr would be taking a chance on sticking a bullet in barrel.
I agree with you that the 14 grain charge of powder was probably 2400 or a close equivalent thereof. From Elmer Keith - Six Guns: "we obtained best accuracy from the solid head Remington 38/44 cases loaded with Keith 160 grain hollow point or 173 grain solid and backed by 13.5 grains of 2400 in 45 frame guns and obtained the most powerful loads with the Keith 173 grain solid crimped barely over the front band with 14.5 grains of 2400". 2400 is a slow burner, and there is no way I'd touch a dramatically reduced load of 8 grains of 2400 - that is when I'd move over to Bullseye or Unique; though in that case I would not be loading even 8 grains. Another question I have is whether the pulled bullet was jacketed or swaged lead where it engaged the grooves. I have tried jhp loads in my 44 Special with middle of the road Unique loads which were fine in the 44 with cast bullets, but with a moderate load of 7 grains of Unique under a jhp, one lodged even with the end of my barrel.

Also, when you drastically reduce a slower burning powder charge you may wander into very strange pressure spikes which increase the chance of a blown up pistol. We ain't talking black powder here.

Last edited by nbedford; 01-28-2020 at 11:26 AM.
  #60  
Old 01-28-2020, 11:16 AM
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It sure is.
  #61  
Old 01-28-2020, 11:23 AM
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Originally Posted by msauter View Post
Is this thread disturbing anybody else?
Sounds to me like someone (who know nothing about guns, technically) is trying to a write a "mystery" where the sneaky villain, or perhaps the resourceful hero MacGyvers a round that will silently kill a sentry, (evil stepsister) leaving the bullet completely inside, and perhaps no trace the deed had been done?

With a name like Andrew Webber, is it a musical?
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Old 01-28-2020, 11:30 AM
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Well after reading all the posts
I will ask the OP this
You never state why u need this info?
You want very specific info
I have been around firearms all of my life
From what I gather from your responses
You are one ...
trying to replicate ammo that is very lethal and damaging to the human body with no experience which is not only very foolish but can be deadly..
Two... u are a writer trying to get exact info to make your writing more accurate
Three...lawyer trying to get info about something u are working on
Four.. someone trying to do something very sneaky and potentially lethal to others and have searched the internet for info to make this reality
Asking for specific ways to replicate decades old ammo that was not the best
I will not give that info out...
This is not only very troubling but feels not right
I caution anyone giving any info out here
They seem to want info to how to inflict most damage to people or animals
I will not participate
God Bless,John



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  #63  
Old 01-28-2020, 11:32 AM
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Originally Posted by msauter View Post
Is this thread disturbing anybody else?
Very disturbing for sure
God Bless,John
I would not give any info out with out better explanation to why this specific info is needed
Too many been info from all of us to harm others

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  #64  
Old 01-28-2020, 11:34 AM
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Originally Posted by AndrewWeber View Post
Why ? I am just doing some research.

If you don't know the answers, let those who do know the answers, answer.
Can I ask you this
And if are just doing research
What is the research for?
Why such specific info?
Why want to know ?
You want answers without any context?
God Bless,John

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  #65  
Old 01-28-2020, 11:43 AM
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Ok, I'll say it. Giving membership to a person like this who has nothing to contribute and is very obscure about his/ her purposes does nothing to improve or even maintain the image of this website. The questions are so telling of ignorance, that they may indeed be from a juvenile with bad intentions. I can only assume, because the OP is so secretive. The OP says that he/ she isn't interested the very topics upon which this website was founded.
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  #66  
Old 01-28-2020, 11:48 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by BE Mike View Post
Ok, I'll say it. Giving membership to a person like this who has nothing to contribute and is very obscure about his/ her purposes does nothing to improve or even maintain the image of this website. The questions are so telling of ignorance, that they may indeed be from a juvenile with bad intentions. I can only assume, because the OP is so secretive. The OP says that he/ she isn't interested the very topics upon which this website was founded.
Very well said
I feel bad intentions too
We also could be contributing to someone who is not allowed to buy ammo or has had theirs taken away or a child not able to aquire it
They sound very inexperienced with firearms or someone who has never loaded ammo
Either way it sounds like giving a baby a hand grenade

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  #67  
Old 01-28-2020, 11:58 AM
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...and ever to be heard from again...
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  #68  
Old 01-28-2020, 12:02 PM
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Originally Posted by Warren Sear View Post
...and ever to be heard from again...
And my worry is we hear something about this on the news
I want to know why their first post is about a obscure metal piercing ammo?
This could hurt someone in law enforcement
Not many people seem out metal piercing ammo and even less what to know specs about it unless they are trying to replicate it
We all maybe unwilling giving those who hate and would harm us info to hurt and kill us
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  #69  
Old 01-28-2020, 12:25 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by old tanker View Post
Sounds to me like someone (who know nothing about guns, technically) is trying to a write a "mystery" where the sneaky villain, or perhaps the resourceful hero MacGyvers a round that will silently kill a sentry, (evil stepsister) leaving the bullet completely inside, and perhaps no trace the deed had been done?
....
Seems the most likely explanation, the real mystery is why the poster is being so obtuse about it. And as I pointed out, even though he received the answer to his original question (14.0 grains of some unknown powder) the information is essentially useless. Without knowing what the powder is, there is no way to know what kind of effect a reduced charge of any kind will have on muzzle velocity.

Furthermore, his real question is, "With the pulled armor piercing bullet of the original Winchester AP ammo, at what muzzle velocity would the bullet fired at contact distance stay inside a human body?"

That brings up even more unknowns. This ammunition was designed to penetrate hard substances so there is no way to estimate its penetration characteristics on flesh, other than to assume that it would be greater than conventional bullets. Even the plain old 158 grain round nose lead bullet in .38 Special (typical muzzle velocity of 850 feet per second) has a reputation for over penetration. One would think a pointed, metal capped AP bullet would be even more likely to exit a body, but there is no way to know at what velocity it would not. 400fps? 600? It is purely guesswork.

Regardless, there isn't any way to estimate what charge of the original powder would create any given velocity because we don't know what it is. And even if we were to guess it was something like Hercules 2400, there isn't any load data for a low velocity with that powder because reduced charges of slow burning powder is a bad idea - every loading manual warns against such shenanigans. A half charge is not going to produce half the velocity, it doesn't work that way.

I guess the good news is that AndrewWeber can take his 14 grain charge and reduce it to whatever he wants, nobody can prove he's wrong....
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Old 01-28-2020, 12:30 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by AndrewWeber View Post
Very good ! Now the final and probably most difficult question, judging by the answers so far.

What would be the minimum gr of factory powder necessary for this particular bullet to just go through a human body, not any further, if you hold the gun directly to the chest ? Whats the sufficient velocity ?
Why would u need or want this specific info?


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  #71  
Old 01-28-2020, 12:31 PM
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Originally Posted by AndrewWeber View Post
So, you say 9gr is equal to a 38 Special and would go through a 2x4 at point blank range. Would it go much further after it has gone through the 2x4 ?
Please explain why u need this info?

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  #72  
Old 01-28-2020, 12:31 PM
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Originally Posted by AndrewWeber View Post
Why ? I am just doing some research.

If you don't know the answers, let those who do know the answers, answer.
Research for what?
You ask for info but why is info needed?

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  #73  
Old 01-28-2020, 12:44 PM
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I hope we all realize this OP might not be on the up and up too
So be careful with any info we give out
I see they are not answering questions now either
God Bless,John

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  #74  
Old 01-28-2020, 12:57 PM
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Why shouldn't anybody here know how far a 38 Special bullet would go after it has gone through a 2x4, shooting at point blank range ? of course they know. But you are scaring them off some reason?
YOU are scaring them off, not I. And you know why.
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  #75  
Old 01-28-2020, 01:07 PM
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  #76  
Old 01-28-2020, 01:07 PM
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  #77  
Old 01-28-2020, 01:31 PM
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You're a helpful bunch.
Sometimes, that leads you into pointless discussions.

The best question in this thread had appeared by Post 7--
Quote:
Originally Posted by Krogen View Post
Quote:
Originally Posted by AndrewWeber View Post
Exactly how much powder is there in a late 70’s Winchester .357 Magnum Metal Piercing 158 gr case?

Can you tell us the reasoning behind your question? If we knew why you're asking, we might be of more help.
As others have said, just knowing the charge weight of a 70's era load is unlikely to be useful.



Andrew,
As others have pointed out, you would probably save a lot of time and effort by stating what your "research" is for.

Are you in Europe?
Just in case- the "gr" abbreviation used here is for grains, NOT for grams.





Quote:
Originally Posted by AndrewWeber View Post
Quote:
Originally Posted by msauter View Post
Is this thread disturbing anybody else?
Why ? I am just doing some research.

If you don't know the answers, let those who do know the answers, answer.

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  #78  
Old 01-28-2020, 01:52 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Tom K View Post
Seems the most likely explanation, the real mystery is why the poster is being so obtuse about it. And as I pointed out, even though he received the answer to his original question (14.0 grains of some unknown powder) the information is essentially useless. Without knowing what the powder is, there is no way to know what kind of effect a reduced charge of any kind will have on muzzle velocity.

Furthermore, his real question is, "With the pulled armor piercing bullet of the original Winchester AP ammo, at what muzzle velocity would the bullet fired at contact distance stay inside a human body?"

That brings up even more unknowns. This ammunition was designed to penetrate hard substances so there is no way to estimate its penetration characteristics on flesh, other than to assume that it would be greater than conventional bullets. Even the plain old 158 grain round nose lead bullet in .38 Special (typical muzzle velocity of 850 feet per second) has a reputation for over penetration. One would think a pointed, metal capped AP bullet would be even more likely to exit a body, but there is no way to know at what velocity it would not. 400fps? 600? It is purely guesswork.

Regardless, there isn't any way to estimate what charge of the original powder would create any given velocity because we don't know what it is. And even if we were to guess it was something like Hercules 2400, there isn't any load data for a low velocity with that powder because reduced charges of slow burning powder is a bad idea - every loading manual warns against such shenanigans. A half charge is not going to produce half the velocity, it doesn't work that way.

I guess the good news is that AndrewWeber can take his 14 grain charge and reduce it to whatever he wants, nobody can prove he's wrong....
That's a lot of words! But you got one thing wrong, I nowhere said what you called the real question,

"With the pulled armor piercing bullet of the original Winchester AP ammo, at what muzzle velocity would the bullet fired at contact distance stay inside a human body?"

it even looked like a quote!

I said nothing about "stay inside a human body" I several times said "go through" a body or a 2x4

But ok, the scaremongers misled you.

Now, your text, i did find something useful. You say

"Even the plain old 158 grain round nose lead bullet in .38 Special (typical muzzle velocity of 850 feet per second) has a reputation for over penetration. One would think a pointed, metal capped AP bullet would be even more likely to exit a body, but there is no way to know at what velocity it would not. 400fps? 600? It is purely guesswork."

which in a couple of ways contradicts

Quote:
Originally Posted by ddixie884 View Post
If the factory round has a jacketed 158gr bullet14gr of 2400 powder giving @ 1300fps. Reducing it by 1gr would probably only reduce by 50 or 75fps. 2gr less 100 or 150fps. At @ 10gr you would be less than 1,000fps. Going down to 8gr would be taking a chance on sticking a bullet in barrel.
The bullet of my interest is correctly a "158gr bullet14gr of 2400 powder giving @ 1300fps" and you now say it could penetrate a body at 850fps

If 10gr "would be less than 1,000fps" then 8gr would be 850fps and enough to penetrate a body. But you didn't say at what distance ?

Last edited by AndrewWeber; 01-28-2020 at 02:00 PM.
  #79  
Old 01-28-2020, 01:54 PM
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Well you still have not answered any of our questions
Why be so elusive?
Why not tell us why you need this info
I am more than willing to help anyone but this does not seem right
I know I am not the only one thinking this


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Old 01-28-2020, 02:10 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by jringo8769 View Post
Well you still have not answered any of our questions
Why be so elusive?
Why not tell us why you need this info
I am more than willing to help anyone but this does not seem right
I know I am not the only one thinking this


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You forgot to say "God Bless" and I don't have time for your games. If you don't know the answers to any of the Topic questions, why do you post a bunch of posts ?
  #81  
Old 01-28-2020, 02:21 PM
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Originally Posted by AndrewWeber View Post
You forgot to say "God Bless" and I don't have time for your games. If you don't know the answers to any of the Topic questions, why do you post a bunch of posts ?
I have no games as you are the one being elusive and game playing

You are not honest to why u are here and to why you Need this info

Did i ever say I did not know the info u want?

I asked repeatedly why you wanted this info and u attack me like u have no right to ask...

As anyone looking for honest answers would simply state why u need this info and we all would gladly provide it

Why deflect instead of answering simple questions?

Why attack me when i have asked you for info?

Do not help this person

God Bless,John

I am done interacting with this person
Please everyone be careful

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Old 01-28-2020, 03:15 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by AndrewWeber View Post
That's a lot of words! But you got one thing wrong, I nowhere said what you called the real question,

"With the pulled armor piercing bullet of the original Winchester AP ammo, at what muzzle velocity would the bullet fired at contact distance stay inside a human body?"

it even looked like a quote!

I said nothing about "stay inside a human body" I several times said "go through" a body or a 2x4
True, I was paraphrasing. Here is your actual quote: "What would be the minimum gr of factory powder necessary for this particular bullet to just go through a human body, not any further, if you hold the gun directly to the chest ? Whats the sufficient velocity ?"

That is what we call here in America, splitting hairs. The only way for a bullet to go through a body and "not any further" (do you expect the bullet to just drop to the floor?) is for it to not exit the body. Hunters sometimes find that when field dressing an animal that they've shot, that the bullet has complete traversed the animal's body and come to rest just under the skin on the far side. That is the kind of performance that would be required to satisfy your requirement.

Quote:
But ok, the scaremongers misled you.
You are the only misleading person here.

Quote:
Now, your text, i did find something useful. You say

"Even the plain old 158 grain round nose lead bullet in .38 Special (typical muzzle velocity of 850 feet per second) has a reputation for over penetration. One would think a pointed, metal capped AP bullet would be even more likely to exit a body, but there is no way to know at what velocity it would not. 400fps? 600? It is purely guesswork."

which in a couple of ways contradicts

Quote:
Originally Posted by ddixie884
If the factory round has a jacketed 158gr bullet14gr of 2400 powder giving @ 1300fps. Reducing it by 1gr would probably only reduce by 50 or 75fps. 2gr less 100 or 150fps. At @ 10gr you would be less than 1,000fps. Going down to 8gr would be taking a chance on sticking a bullet in barrel.
The bullet of my interest is correctly a "158gr bullet14gr of 2400 powder giving @ 1300fps" and you now say it could penetrate a body at 850fps

Nothing I said contradicts what ddixie884 said. You said "The bullet of my interest is correctly a "158gr bullet14gr of 2400 powder giving @ 1300fps"..." and that is incorrect - the bullet of your interest is a "158gr bullet 14gr of an unknown powder giving an unknown velocity". Tex1001 has stated that he measured a weight of 14.0 grains of an unknown powder, and that he has not chronographed the load - that is, he has not measured its muzzle velocity. We can guess that it might be 1300fps or so because that is typical of .357 Magnum ammo with a 158gr bullet, but that is only a guess. Being designed as armor piercing ammo, the velocity could be considerably higher.

Quote:
If 10gr "would be less than 1,000fps" then 8gr would be 850fps and enough to penetrate a body. But you didn't say at what distance ?

ddixie884 was making educated guesstimates about potential bullet velocity using Hercules/Alliant 2400 powder (not the unknown powder of the original cartridge) - "less than 1000fps" could be a little less or a lot less. And sure, that Winchester AP bullet at 850fps could penetrate a body through and through. Or it might not, there is no way (without some real world experimentation) to determine that. I didn't say at what distance, because you had already specified contact distance.




When I first started reading this thread I thought of a quote:

"Everyone is ignorant, just on different subjects."
--Will Rogers

After having gone through it a couple of times, this quote from the character Mr. Garrison on the cartoon series "South Park" seems more appropriate:

"Remember kids, there are no stupid questions, just stupid people."
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Old 01-28-2020, 03:21 PM
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What warms my heart is that the OP has not gleaned one bit of useful information towards fulfilling his "e vial" and nefarious objective.

Last edited by Warren Sear; 01-28-2020 at 03:23 PM.
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Old 01-28-2020, 03:43 PM
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Here are some truths as I know and understand them. Were I put on a stand under oath, I would speak each of these as a statement of fact, according to me:

1) if you took a modern, high grade, expensive box of new production .357 Magnum 158gr defense ammo, and you attempted to shoot a 2x4 or some chunk of known wood of any certain size or thickness, you could repeatedly do the test and you would likely get (mostly) consistent results.

2) if you took this old 1960’s or 1970’s ammo and did the same testing, you might get consistent results but likely less consistent results than with new production modern ammo, because the new production modern ammo has a lot more technology and development behind it and production wise, it’s likely been built to a higher standard of consistency because the production facility and machinery that built it has evolved for the better.

3) if you took this new, current production modern ammo and you fired it directly in to a human or an animal made of skin, tissue, muscle and bone, and you did this repeatedly, you would likely get different results each time depending on precisely where the bullet hit, which direction it deflected and a myriad of unknown relative to how the bone, muscle and tissue reacts to the hit. This should be common knowledge to anyone that has ever done even limited research in to hunting or criminal forensics. In fact, you’d literally need perfect genetic and physical CLONES for each and every shot you fired. This is not possible, science doesn’t support it. No two people or animals will have the same physical makeup of matter so the bullet cannot be sent in to the same thing with each shot. As a scientific test, there is no solid control.

4) do the same as #3 above but now do it with 50 year old ammo that was built with earlier technology and less consistent industrial control and it stands to reason that you would get even less consistency in the results on skin, flesh, tissue and bone.

5) no matter the powder used, you cannot and will not get linear changes that can predicted easily when you simply reduce the powder charge by X. The closest we have come to this without actually building the round, shooting it and measuring the speed with a chronograph is with a piece of software called “QuickLOAD” written by Hartmut Bromel. Search that and purchase the software. If you do that, I predict that you will immediately find yourself at the early stages of finally agreeing that you are asking questions that do NOT have simple answers even though you seem to think they should have simple answers. Further, you better enjoy mathematics if you go this route.

6) Your attitude sucks. Consider that you arrived at a place where almost everyone gets along extremely well and you’ve chosen adversarial words and a writing style that doesn’t exactly support the idea that you’d be any manner of successful as an author... leading many to surmise that you might simply be a after some darker goal.

7) There are better places to ask these questions than this particular forum but if you approach those folks with a similar chip on your shoulder, they’ll shred you in an entertaining fashion.
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Old 01-28-2020, 04:00 PM
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Originally Posted by Tom K View Post
True, I was paraphrasing. Here is your actual quote: "What would be the minimum gr of factory powder necessary for this particular bullet to just go through a human body, not any further, if you hold the gun directly to the chest ? Whats the sufficient velocity ?"

That is what we call here in America, splitting hairs. The only way for a bullet to go through a body and "not any further" (do you expect the bullet to just drop to the floor?) is for it to not exit the body. Hunters sometimes find that when field dressing an animal that they've shot, that the bullet has complete traversed the animal's body and come to rest just under the skin on the far side. That is the kind of performance that would be required to satisfy your requirement.

You are the only misleading person here.




Nothing I said contradicts what ddixie884 said. You said "The bullet of my interest is correctly a "158gr bullet14gr of 2400 powder giving @ 1300fps"..." and that is incorrect - the bullet of your interest is a "158gr bullet 14gr of an unknown powder giving an unknown velocity". Tex1001 has stated that he measured a weight of 14.0 grains of an unknown powder, and that he has not chronographed the load - that is, he has not measured its muzzle velocity. We can guess that it might be 1300fps or so because that is typical of .357 Magnum ammo with a 158gr bullet, but that is only a guess. Being designed as armor piercing ammo, the velocity could be considerably higher.




ddixie884 was making educated guesstimates about potential bullet velocity using Hercules/Alliant 2400 powder (not the unknown powder of the original cartridge) - "less than 1000fps" could be a little less or a lot less. And sure, that Winchester AP bullet at 850fps could penetrate a body through and through. Or it might not, there is no way (without some real world experimentation) to determine that. I didn't say at what distance, because you had already specified contact distance.




When I first started reading this thread I thought of a quote:

"Everyone is ignorant, just on different subjects."
--Will Rogers

After having gone through it a couple of times, this quote from the character Mr. Garrison on the cartoon series "South Park" seems more appropriate:

"Remember kids, there are no stupid questions, just stupid people."
Thank you for

"We can guess that it might be 1300fps or so because that is typical of .357 Magnum ammo with a 158gr bullet"

I now got that from you, ddixie884 and a third source.

If a "plain old 158 grain round nose lead bullet in .38 Special (typical muzzle velocity of 850 feet per second) has a reputation for over penetration" when fired at contact distance.

But then of course a metal piercing bullet would do the same at 600 feet or 500 feet per second.

it's obviously possible to reduce it's factory powder charge from 14.0 gr to 7.0 and still get a penetration of the body when fired at contact distance.

I think that after some mumbo jumbo, I got the answers to my questions, thank you all for your contribution and God bless (this time for real)

Andrew

Last edited by AndrewWeber; 01-28-2020 at 04:14 PM.
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Old 01-28-2020, 04:12 PM
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That’s absolutely wrong.
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Old 01-28-2020, 04:15 PM
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^^^ That information, along with a dollar, will get you a cup of coffee at almost any MacDonald's restaurant. :-)
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Old 01-28-2020, 04:24 PM
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They obviously know more than we do

Like I have said from the start
They want info that will end up hurting someone or many people

Anyone with any smarts knows the info they seek takes more than numbers on a piece of paper and speculation to something they clearly do not comprehend and understand the ramifications of getting this wrong

God help us all if this foolish individual actually tries to make this happen in the real world ....

Sent from my SM-S727VL using Tapatalk
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Old 01-28-2020, 04:25 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by AndrewWeber View Post
Thank you for

"We can guess that it might be 1300fps or so because that is typical of .357 Magnum ammo with a 158gr bullet"

I now got that from you, ddixie884 and a third source.

If a "plain old 158 grain round nose lead bullet in .38 Special (typical muzzle velocity of 850 feet per second) has a reputation for over penetration" when fired at contact distance.

But then of course a metal piercing bullet would do the same at 600 feet or 500 feet per second.

it's obviously possible to reduce it's factory powder charge from 14.0 gr to 7.0 and still get a penetration of the body when fired at contact distance.

I think that after some mumbo jumbo, I got the answers to my questions, thank you all for your contribution and God bless (this time for real)

Andrew
Unfortunately, there is no validity to any of the conclusions on which you arrive. Pure speculation.
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