This is a direct quote excerpted from the Lake City AAP Product Manual concerning the USAF PGU-12/B cartridge.

"...The PGU-12/B cartridge was designed to have a very high bullet pull value (note: The bullet was very tightly crimped using a case cannelure). This was done to prevent tampering with the cartridge after several incidents with M41 cartridges involving removal of bullets, doubling of powder charges, and replacement of bullets. When fired in a standard (M15) revolver, the tampered cartridges would sometimes cause damage to the revolver and injury to the person firing it."

This was the only time Lake City AAP ever manufactured a .38 Special cartridge, or indeed any pistol cartridge, producing about 72 million of them in 1979-80 (although at least one lot was known to have been produced in late 1978). Velocity specification was 1100 to 1175 ft/sec, with peak chamber pressure of 20,000 psi. The nominal FMJ bullet weight was 130 grains, the same as the M41.

Yes indeed, powder doubling of the M41 powder charge did occur in the USAF. I have personally known several former USAF cops and CATM personnel who were present when such incidents happened. It may have occurred in other services also, I just don't know about any.