Is it a Wilson CASE gauge? If so it is for a resized case not a
Cartridge (with a bullet in it)
Take the barrel our of your gun and drop your dummy round into it. It should plunk in, Turn the barrel over it should fall right out.
A short throat is sometimes the culprit. Too long an O.A.L. is sometimes the problem, even with barrels with average throats.
This pic is often used to help explain correct headspacing and how O.A.L. can affect chambering and headspace.