The Marlin 38/357 will give you 357 velocities from 38s, and 357 rounds in it will generate over 1000 ft pounds of energy. Shooting 38s through one is like shooting a 22 rifle.
I would avoid very fast expanding loads out of a rifle, since they might break up if they hit anything, unless you want that. You will get better terminal performance with a heavier 140 gr, or a lighter more traditional bullet, like the 125 gr. HP. I would expect optimal performance from a 125 gr Gold Dot, but not the short barrel load.