Not really. After all, the Bureau issued the model 13 .357 Magnum. The size of the 1000 series pistols and the N frame length reach to the trigger was the major issue. That one could adapt a 9 mm size frame to the .40 made it a better fit (and more concealable) for a great many more people.

The multi caliber Astra was the model 400. While it would fire the .380, it wouldn't eject the spent case. .38 Super was way over pressure and exceeded the design intent, not a good idea. Would work with 9 mm Browning long, 9 mm Largo and a bunch of other cartridges of similar ballistics and dimensions, .38 ACP (NOT Super) included. Also the 9x19 mm, case held by extractor. The Astra 600 was a dedicated 9x19 caliber pistol.