Quite a few years ago, Maj. George Nonte wrote up converting a S&W Model 39 to .38 Super. He just reamed the chamber to .38 Super case length, IIRC. But, as SG indicated, he could only use light and/or deeply seated bullets. The magazine length, front to rear, didn't change, so cartridge overall length could not exceed 9MM length. With equal pressures, and cartridge overall lengths, ballistics would not be any better than 9MM. I don't recall if he mentioned it, but he likely experienced case head swelling/bulging in the case head area, since the 9MM case is larger in that area. I sectioned several different brands of .38 Super cases years ago, when I was shooting and testing the Super quite a bit. I found that Super brass was noticeably thinner in the case head area than 9MM brass. With ballistics equal to the 9MM ammo I was also loading, the case bulging with, the Super brass concerned me. Winchester was the thinest at the time. Just because the case head says .38 Super, it does not make the same weight bullets,seated to the same overall length at same pressure go any faster at all than 9MM. Same as the 9X21MM or .356TSW( 21.5MM case length) cannot achieve better ballistics than 9MM with the same weight bullet, if overall cartridge length and pressure are the same. I think I still have that old Nonte article around here somewhere.
ps, BUFF, glad you mentioned that old article, about .38 Super in a 52-2. I met an old gentleman at a range in Phoenix years ago shooting .38 Super in his 52 with no problem at all. I mentioned this a time or two in forums, but I think some folks didn't believe me, thought I was a BSer,etc. Sure like to find that Shooting Times article you mentioned...