First, it's unalienable, not inalienable rights. And there is nothing in either the Declaration of Independance or the Constitution about "behind bars". The unalienable thing is in the DofI and not the Constitution BTW.
Regarding the courts, our system of government has three co-equal branches, legislative, executive and judicial. The "judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution..." Deciding what the Constitution is and means is clearly the domain of our courts, up to and including the Supreme Court.
You have to have an understanding of the base documents before you start interpreting rights and privileges.
Bob