The Nigerian Incident - My C-141 Adventure

Mainsail

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On someone's last nerve..
Waiting by the shoreline, in Somalia for your reply
I need you to come see me, that's no lie
The guns are getting closer, the sweat pours like the dew
That fell from the trees in Tripoli in the spring

Tom Cochrane

In 1996 I flew a mission to the African continent. I was no stranger to the adventure that was always Africa, having been to Egypt, Sierra Leon, Monrovia, Senegal, Ghana, N'Djamena, Khartoum, Kenya, Zaire, and one place I'm not allowed to talk about. The purpose of the mission was to resupply various US Embassies, but to us it was just another trash haul with decent per diem rates.

We crew-rested in Abidjan in Ivory Coast and the following day we were scheduled to fly from there to Niamey Niger, quick turn, and then on to Kinshasa Congo (formerly known as Zaire). I was one of two Flight Engineers, and we had two Loadmasters, three Pilots, and one Purser. We carried three pilots because one of them, we'll call him Capt F, was on his OME checkride to upgrade to Aircraft Commander. That meant the third pilot was a Pilot Examiner (EP). This was one of the few rare occasions I got to fly with Steve, a good friend and FE who also came from Travis AFB. We didn't often carry a purser unless we were flying to certain locations in Africa or former Soviet Bloc countries. The purser's job was to carry, dispense, and account for cash, US dollars, which were needed at airfields without contract fuel and services. The standard cash load was $50K, although some halfwit in the Finance Office decided that since we never used more than $10K there was no reason for carrying so much. We departed Charleston with $10K, a mistake would bite us in the *** later, in a little safe strapped to the cargo compartment floor.

When a pilot is getting a checkride, he or she is very careful to follow all the rules, execute the checklists precisely, and manage the crew and mission to perfection. Capt F fuel planned the leg from Abidjan to Niamey with very little reserve. You see, fuel is weight, so the more fuel you carry, the more inefficiently the airplane flies. In an effort to save money, the Air Force set up rules to discourage the 'tankering' of fuel between locations where fuel is available, and with this being his checkride he wasn't taking any chances with the rules. As we approached the field in Niger the weather was thunderstorms and wind shear, so we circled a while to see if it would blow over so we could land. Before long it became apparent that we needed to make a decision, either chance an iffy approach into Niamey or head back to Abidjan. With a very small fuel reserve the option to return to Ivory Coast came and went very quickly. There was discussion about landing at an alternate field in northern Nigeria.

I need to mention here that you don't simply point your airplane in any direction that catches your fancy and land it wherever you choose, especially in the third world, or you risk becoming a smoking hole in the ground. You need Diplomatic Clearances which are usually worked out well in advance of a mission. We didn't have that for Nigeria. The only exception is during in-flight emergencies, when you can land wherever you want. The pilots decided to declare a fuel emergency and land at a field in northern Nigeria. The pilot handed Steve, at the FE panel, the approach plate so he could work up some landing data. I listened to the confusion between the co-pilot and the Niamey Approach Control over the VHF command radio. This wasn't going to be pretty.
 
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After much radio traffic in broken English, we received our approach and landing instructions and the pilot brought the C-141B in for an uneventful touchdown. As we taxied in, the fuel totalizer showed how little fuel we had for screwing around, so it was probably good that he got the approach right the first time. I stood in front of the closed crew-entrance door with the wheel chocks and landing gear safety pins and waited for the checklist item, "Scanner cleared to depart aircraft" before opening the door. I wasn't expecting the arrival party that was quickly assembling at the bottom of the ladder: several very serious looking soldiers with automatic weapons, one very serious looking military officer, and dozens of gawkers. I jumped down the steps from the airplane towing four chocks and three pins; the REMOVE BEFORE FLIGHT streamers blowing in the hot Nigerian wind. I shook the officer's hand when he offered it and smiled. Looking around it was apparent that they hadn't seen a giant green camouflaged American jet before, and they crowded around at the bottom of the crew entry ladder trying to get a look inside. I later found out that we don't exactly enjoy 'friendly' relations with the Nigerian government, and it was probably better I didn't know.

Under international treaties an airplane on foreign soil carries the same weight as an embassy or warship. Foreign agents or officials are not allowed to enter, search, or seize property from an airplane, and to do so is about a step below an act of war. Our publications tell us what we need to do to prevent, discourage, or allow-under-protest, those actions. The loadmaster stood as an obstacle in the doorway while I went around chocking the wheels and installing the gear pins. The Officer turned out to be a Nigerian Air Force Major (hereafter The NAFM) who pretty much owned the airfield, and he seemed very friendly and interested in the strange four engine jet that was taking up a lot of real estate on his ramp. After lots of hand shaking and back slapping, he took the three pilots inside to file their flight plan and the purser went with them. Inside the purser began to flash the cash, and from that point forward it became a 'cash only' operation. (The pilots would later comment that the airfield folks were all smiling and stuffing the bills into their pockets.) The pilots and The NAFM returned to the plane with a fuel vendor to negotiate our refuel. I asked if he would take our fuel identaplate or aircraft credit card; nope, they wanted American currency. I asked the fuel vendor how much the jet fuel was going to cost, he replied that he charged the Nigerian Air Force "forty cents a liter" and was immediately interrupted by The NAFM who announced the price was $1.70 a liter. With the little cash that remained, we could afford 40 cents a liter, but not $1.70. Remember, a liter is about a quart, so this was highway (or is it airway) robbery.

Africa isn't America, so the private fuel vendor isn't allowed the luxury of setting the price of his product. The airfield was run by The NAFM and what he said went, period. We all knew the fuel vendor would only receive 40 cents, while the Major pocketed the rest, but that's just how it's done on the Dark Continent. After paying cash for the flight plan services and the ground power cart, we didn't have nearly enough left to pay for the fuel we needed to get us out of the craphole that is Nigeria. I went up to the flight station to seek some guidance from the pilots. Three college educated and experienced pilots couldn't come up with a solution between them; the best they could do is suggest running the empennage pitch-trim to the full up position to raise the HF radio antenna as high as possible so they could attempt to contact the Tanker Airlift Control Center in Illinois. They wouldn't reach anyone however, and I realized that Steve and I probably had more African experience than the three of them put together. The NAFM wanted his bribe, and as I contemplated this cultural idiosyncrasy, another cultural aspect suddenly occurred to me. In any African country I'd ever been to, bargaining was as important a part of the culture as bribes.

So with no leadership from the three officers, I headed back outside to negotiate the fuel price. It went pretty well at first, and I think he appreciated that I had at least some awareness of his culture. If you want to look like an idiot in Africa, just accept the first price offered for anything. After some haggling, The NAFM bottomed at $1.40 a liter, which was still a very long way from where we needed to be. I asked about local hotels because it was looking like we'd be spending the night and he just laughed. I told him point blank that we didn't carry that much cash, so it was the credit card or nothing. The mood quickly changed. The Major and several officials, as well as a couple soldiers, forced their way onto the airplane; I suppose as a show of authority. The little safe with the remaining cash was hidden under a blanket in the middle of the cargo compartment floor; the loadmasters and purser were using it as a table for their card game and the hands were still where they'd left them. It turned out to be an effective camouflage and the Nigerians never found it. This was, however, a pretty serious provocation and I think everyone was starting to feel nervous. We were a long way from home, in a strange and hostile country, and totally out of contact with our chain of command.
 
I've been on this roller coaster, just too many times,
and always it seems like the blind, keep on leading the blind.
Tried to get them on the phone, tried to find my way back home
Tried and failed and tried and failed again…

Van Morrison

Well, as fortune would have it, another airplane entered the pattern, probably also diverted due to the bad weather farther north, so The NAFM got in his truck and headed over to meet them. That left us alone with the fuel vendor. I approached him and asked, "So, forty cents a liter right?" He nodded his head yes, so I told him to pull his truck around behind the airplane. Upstairs, I told Steve what I was doing and told him to be ready to go as soon the gas was on. I put on my headset and connected to the long-cord at the nose. As I dragged the cord around to the rear to connect the fuel hose, I keyed up and told Steve, "As soon as we have our gas I want to hear the (hydraulic) pumps come on and the parking-brake set because I'm pulling chocks and pins." I also told him to make sure that @$!%$ purser had the cash counted and ready because we didn't have time to mess around.

After that it went like a well-oiled machine; as soon as I announced that the fuel hose was disconnected, I heard the pumps turn on and the auxiliary power unit (APU) fire up. I grabbed the chocks and gear pin from the right side, by the refueling receptacles, and headed forward. I ducked under the nose-gear doors and yanked the pin and about that time the purser was coming down the steps with the cash, based on the amount of fuel we'd taken. The fuel vendor happily took the cash but would only accept a signature from the Aircraft Commander, so I keyed up and asked Capt F to step out. I headed over and ducked under the APU to enter the left wheel well and pull the chocks and pin from that side and we were ready to start engines. The fuel vendor grabbed my sleeve, "You work for him?!" he said with an expression of disbelief. You see, Capt F was black, and the fuel guy thought it was terribly exciting that a black man was in a position of authority over me. I just laughed and let him know that was normal in the US military.

Capt F slid into the left seat and called for the Before Starting Engines checklist, and we got all four TF-33P7A turbofan engines idling without incident. The co-pilot called for taxi clearance as I climbed aboard and slammed the door behind me. I can only imagine the look on The NAFM's face when he heard the roar of the engines as we rolled down the runway, rotated, and flew out of sight.
 
Epilog:
I really wasn't expecting there to be an epilog, and for some time there wasn't. I debriefed my Chief Engineer back at the squadron, telling him what happened to us and what role I played in moving the mission. For a year or so nothing was ever said, I was never recognized, and never received so much as a "good job" from the pilots or the squadron. From what I understand, it would have embarrassed the officers if a couple of enlisted Flight Engineers had saved the Air Force thousands of dollars, prevented a mission delay and possible aircraft impoundment, while the college boys stood around fretting and being generally useless. In 1997 the C-141Bs were transferred out of Charleston and most of us were dispersed between McGuire AFB in New Jersey and McChord AFB in Washington. Whenever you transfer to a new squadron, the losing unit usually writes a Commendation Medal for you. One day, while standing up before the assembled 4th Airlift Squadron at McChord, the narrator read a condensed version of the above story from my Commendation Medal, while I tried hard not to laugh out loud. A little late, but nevertheless satisfying.
 
Mainsail,

Thanks for the great post. I logged a total of 2/3 of the way around the world in a C-141 Starlifter via MAC Flight (two legs) Palam Airport, New Delhi, India to Torrejon AFB (outside of Madrid, Spain) in December, 1971, and returned to India in February, 1972. I was 13 years old at the time and flew VIP thanks to my father's diplomatic status, which meant I got the window seat! :)
 
Whew, somehow Mainsail, y'all knew y'all weren't in Kansas anymore. Nice job, and a good story!
Until you've experienced it, most Americans wouldn't believe how many places in the world baksheesh and bribes are a way of life, and how much transactions we take for granted depend on the whims of a petty bureaucrat, who at that moment, has total control over your coming and going and maybe your life.
 
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.... The purser's job was to carry, dispense, and account for cash, US dollars, which were needed at airfields without contract fuel and services. The standard cash load was $50K, although some halfwit in the Finance Office decided that since we never used more than $10K there was no reason for carrying so much. We departed Charleston with $10K, a mistake would bite us in the *** later, in a little safe strapped to the cargo compartment floor.

When a pilot is getting a checkride, he or she is very careful to follow all the rules, execute the checklists precisely, and manage the crew and mission to perfection. Capt F fuel planned the leg from Abidjan to Niamey with very little reserve. You see, fuel is weight, so the more fuel you carry, the more inefficiently the airplane flies. In an effort to save money, the Air Force set up rules to discourage the 'tankering' of fuel between locations where fuel is available, and with this being his checkride he wasn't taking any chances with the rules.

Let me guess. Nobody in the finance area came close to censure for the $10k nonsense.

As for the Air Force rules on fuel, the institutional ignorance of how things work outside the US and Western Europe is simply criminal. Sadly, I doubt it has got any better.
 
That was a great story......

I'm glad you weren't arrested as 'spies'. Especially in a place like Nigeria. I had a friend go there, fortunately as a guest of the government, so they were 'tolerated' (barely). The people didn't hide that they didn't have warm, fuzzy feelings toward Americans.
 
I have spent a fair amount of time horsing around on the African continent and you are so right - if you didn't negotiate over a sale, the vendor would often become kind of brusque and rude to you for the rest of the transaction.
 
Great story. I appreciate your actions having lived and worked in Nigeria for seven years.
 
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