Sure can. But as BBQLS1 stated, if you switch from Schofield to 45 Colt, you may experience some sticking with ejection. Same principle as switching from 38 sspecial to 357 without cleaning the charge holes first.
The larger rim OD is added insurance of easy ejection in lesser .45 Colt DA revolvers - like my old Ruger 5.5" .45 Colt Redhawk. It would jam by it's ejector star drooping and skipping over the odd .45 Colt rim. It never happened in the two S&W MG's I have. Still, I keep 200 Schofields loaded - in case. I'll tell you one firearm that becomes a one-shot with them - my Rossi/Puma M1892 24" SS octagon barrel in .45 Colt - it's gate won't allow passage of the larger OD rimmed Schofield cartridges.