The difference in circumference of the two is minuscule; many older .38 Special M&P's will actually chamber .38 S&W. So the amount of metal taken out in a professional reaming job should be equally minimal, with little or no effect on performance when using the original .38 S&W loads.
Problems with excessive bulging or splitting are the result of imprecise reaming; with poor guidance, the reamer will inevitably take out more metal than necessary and widen the entire chamber. Since all kinds of people performed this surgery, we see all degrees of effects, and your brother won't know what he's got until he shoots it. But he can, safely.