If the cylinder has been rechambered to .45 Colt, you should be able to see the "shoulder" where the throat of the .45 Colt case ends.
It is safe to shoot, but accuracy will be poor. This type of conversion to .45 Colt leaves greatly excessive headspace and cartridge positioning will give unreliable ignition.
It's also possible that someone reamed the chambers full length to use with homemaded cylinder length shotshells held in half moon clips. This type of conversion was popular in the 1950s and '60s and was usable even with a "ringed" barrel.