Challenge to recent New Jersey anti carry law - Update July 14

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Update July 14, 2023:

Back in May 2023, United States District Judge Rene Bumb ruled in a Preliminary Injunction Decision of over 200 pages that most of New Jersey's new law in response to Bruen restricting concealed carry violated the Constitution. In short her opinion said to the New Jersey Legislature and Governor: "You must be kidding." This was immediately appealed by the State to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals.

On June 20, 2023, with no analysis whatsoever, the Third Circuit stayed much but not all of Judge Bumb's Preliminary Injunction, which has the effect of reinstating until the appeal is fully heard much of what Judge Bumb ruled was against the Constitution.

Under the Third Circuit's June 20 Ruling the following places which places are added for now to those places where no carry is allowed even with a carry permit. All previous places where carry was not allowed are still in place. (In legalese, Judge Bumb's Ruling on the following places is stayed pending appeal)

The places added by the Third Circuit:

(6) within 100 feet of a place where a public gathering, demonstration or event is held for which a government permit is required, during the conduct of such gathering, demonstration or event;
.
(9) a nursery school, pre-school, zoo, or summer camp;
.
(10) a park, beach, recreation facility or area or playground owned or controlled by a State, county or local government unit, or any part of such a place, which is designated as a gun-free zone by the governing authority based on considerations of public safety;
.
(12) a publicly owned or leased library or museum;
.
(15) a bar or restaurant where alcohol is served, and any other site or facility where alcohol is sold for consumption on the premises;
.
(17) a privately or publicly owned and operated entertainment facility within this State, including but not limited to a theater, stadium, museum, arena, racetrack or other place where performances, concerts, exhibits, games or contests are held;
.
(18) a casino and related facilities, including but not limited to appurtenant hotels, retail premises, restaurant and bar facilities, and entertainment and recreational venues located within the casino property;
.
(21) a health care facility, including but not limited to a general hospital, special hospital, psychiatric hospital, public health center, diagnostic center, treatment center, rehabilitation center, extended care facility, skilled nursing home, nursing home, intermediate care facility, tuberculosis hospital, chronic disease hospital, maternity hospital, outpatient clinic, dispensary, assisted living center, home health care agency, residential treatment facility, residential health care facility, medical office, or ambulatory care facility;
*******
Most significantly, the prohibition in a car and the prohibition on private property unless explicitly permitted were not reinstated

THIS IS NOT LEGAL ADVICE


Update February 8

The next deadlines
Feb 10: Joint Letter on number of PI witnesses and days
Feb 13: PI Opposition due.
Feb 21: PI Reply due.
To be determined: PI Hearing date

On February 7 the Koons Plaintiffs filed an Amended Complaint that, in essence, limited the challenges to what Judge Bumb had already found was likely unconstitutional. IMHO this was very wise
Amended Complaint by Koons plaintiffs here

On February 7 Judge Bumb ordered a briefing schedule for the Preliminary Injunction Hearing:
TEXT ORDER In light of Defendants' February 2, 2023, letter on the briefing scheduling for the Preliminary Injunction (PI) hearing [Dkt. No. 61], the Parties must submit a joint letter to the Court by February 10, 2023, providing: (1) the number of witnesses each Party will present at the PI hearing; and (2) the number of days the Parties anticipate the PI hearing will take. Once the Court receives this information, it will schedule a hearing accordingly. So Ordered by Chief Judge Renee Marie Bumb on 22-7464. (Costigan, Roberta) (Entered: 02/07/2023)

On January 31 Judge Bumb confirmed that she did not restrain the recent New Jersey law as it applied to playgrounds unconnected to schools.

On January 30, Judge Bumb issued another TRO Order that basically confirmed her prior TRO Order. Some of the challenges were rejected for lack of standing.
Opinion Here


Update January 28
A hearing was conducted for the Siegel Plaintiffs' Motion for TRO by Judge Bumb on January 26. This is the same Judge who already granted a TRO to the Koons Plaintiffs.

A report by a poster on Reddit indicates that the Hearing went very well for the pro-2A Plaintiffs. This report on Reddit says Judge Bumb ordered at the Hearing that the preliminary injunction s requested by the Siegel and Koons plaintiffs will be heard in a single hearing (this is good for the 2A).

If anyone has a link to the January 26 Yranaceipt please post it or send me the link via PM


Update January 26

On January 23 the State Defendants proposed a schedule that a) would have the Preliminary Injunction on the common Koons and Siegel challenges briefed by February 13 and heard by the court during the week of February 13; and b) have the Preliminary Injunction on the remaining issues briefed by March 8 and heard by the court the week of March 13 or March 20

On January 24 NICHOLAS P. SCUTARI, President of the
New Jersey Senate, and CRAIG J. COUGHLIN, Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly moved to intervene (i.e. become part of the case.) Brief here
Note from the OP: These politicians should be careful what they ask for. If the Motion to intervene is granted and they become part of the case they will be opening themselves to discovery by plaintiffs and the scrutiny of the Court

On January 25 the Pro-2A Plaintiffs sent a letter t the Court saying that the two sets of claims should not be split up for the Preliminary Injunction. Letter here

Update January 18
The TRO Hearing before Judge for the Siegel plaintiffs was see for January 26:
TEXT ORDER The Court will hear oral argument on the pending Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order by the Siegel Plaintiffs on Thursday, January 26, 2023, at 11:30AM. The hearing will take place in Courtroom 3D, Mitchell H. Cohen Courthouse. So Ordered by Judge Renee Marie Bumb on 01/18/2023.


Link to Docket in KOONS v. REYNOLDS

Update January 13
The judge in the first and bigger case about the New Jersey carry law consolidated her case into the Koons case where that judge had already issued a TRO against an important subset of the law. This is an excellent development as the judge in the Koons case has already decided much in favor of the 2A.

Update
Immediately after the TRO issued in the second case (Koons), Judge Williams in the first case (Siegel) moved the TRO Hearing January 9 to January 12 and asked for supplemental briefing.

In the Supplemental Briefing so far the State has pleaded sour grapes and the Plaintiffs (the good guys) say that the Siegel case should be consolidated into the Koons case because Judge Bumb in the Koons case has already written a 60 page opinion.


TRO granted in Koon

https://assets.nationbuilder.com/firearmspolicycoalition/pages/6681/attachments/original/1673275321/Koons_v_Reynolds_Order_on_Motion_for_Temporary_Restraining_Order.pdf?1673275321
There are at least two important challenges to the recent New Jersey law was enacted with the express purpose to choke off the right to carry in New Jersey.

The first case was brought by the New Jersey affiliate of the NRA--GO TEAM! This case challenges the "sensitive place" and vehicle restrictions of the the new law. The sensitive place restrictions read as follows:

(1) a place owned, leased, or under the control of State, county or municipal government used for the purpose of government administration, including but not limited to police stations;

(2) a courthouse, courtroom, or any other premises used to conduct judicial or court administrative proceedings or functions;

(3) a State, county, or municipal correctional or juvenile justice facility, jail and any other place maintained by or for a governmental entity for the detention of criminal suspects or offenders;

(4) a State-contracted half-way house;

(5) a location being used as a polling place during the conduct of an election and places used for the storage or tabulation of ballots;

(6) within 100 feet of a place where a public gathering, demonstration or event is held for which a government permit is required, during the conduct of such gathering, demonstration or event;

(7) a school, college, university or other educational institution, and on any school bus;

(8) a child care facility, including a day care center;

(9) a nursery school, pre-school, zoo, or summer camp;

(10) a park, beach, recreation facility or area or playground owned or controlled by a State, county or local government unit, or any part of such a place, which is designated as a gun free zone by the governing authority based on considerations of public safety;

(11) youth sports events, as defined in N.J.S.5:17-1, during and immediately preceding and following the conduct of the event, except that this provision shall not apply to participants of a youth sports event which is a firearm shooting competition to which paragraph (3) of subsection b. of section 14 of P.L.1979, c.179 (C.2C:58-6.1) applies;

(12) a publicly owned or leased library or museum;

(13) a shelter for the homeless, emergency shelter for the homeless, basic center shelter program, shelter for homeless or runaway youth, children's shelter, child care shelter, shelter for victims of domestic violence, or any shelter licensed by or under the control of the Juvenile Justice Commission or the Department of Children and Families;

(14) a community residence for persons with developmental disabilities, head injuries, or terminal illnesses, or any other residential setting licensed by the Department of Human Services or Department of Health

(15) a bar or restaurant where alcohol is served, and any other site or facility where alcohol is sold for consumption on the premises;

(16) a Class 5 Cannabis retailer or medical cannabis dispensary, including any consumption areas licensed or permitted by the Cannabis Regulatory Commission established pursuant to section 31 of P.L.2019, c.153 (C.24:6I-24);

(17) a privately or publicly owned and operated entertainment facility within this State, including but not limited to a theater, stadium, museum, arena, racetrack or other place where performances, concerts, exhibits, games or contests are held;

(18) a casino and related facilities, including but not limited to appurtenant hotels, retail premises, restaurant and bar facilities, and entertainment and recreational venues
located within the casino property;

(19) a plant or operation that produces, converts, distributes or stores energy or converts one form of energy to another;

(20) an airport or public transportation hub;

(21) a health care facility, including but not limited to a general hospital, special hospital, psychiatric hospital, public health center, diagnostic center, treatment center, rehabilitation center, extended care facility, skilled nursing home, nursing home,
intermediate care facility, tuberculosis hospital, chronic disease hospital, maternity hospital, outpatient clinic, dispensary, assisted living center, home health care agency, residential treatment facility, residential health care facility, medical office, or ambulatory care facility;

(22) a facility licensed or regulated by the Department of Human Services, Department of Children and Families, or Department of Health, other than a health care
facility, that provides addiction or mental health treatment or support services;

(23) a public location being used for making motion picture or television images for theatrical, commercial or educational purposes, during the time such location is being used for that purpose;

(24) private property, including but not limited to residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, institutional or undeveloped property, unless the owner has provided express consent or has posted a sign indicating that it is permissible to carry on the premises a concealed handgun with a valid and lawfully issued permit under N.J.S.2C:58-4, provided that nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to affect the authority to keep
or carry a firearm established under subsection e. of N.J.S.2C:39-6; and

(25) any other place in which the carrying of a firearm is prohibited by statute or rule or regulation promulgated by a federal or State agency.

The vehicle restriction reads as follows
A person, other than a person lawfully carrying a firearm within the authorized
scope of an exemption set forth in subsection a., c., or l. of N.J.S.2C:39-6, who is otherwise authorized under the law to carry or transport a firearm shall not do so while in
a vehicle in New Jersey, unless the handgun is unloaded and contained in a closed and
securely fastened case, gunbox, or locked unloaded in the trunk of the vehicle. . . .

In this first case, the Judge ordered an expedited briefing on the Plaintiffs' Motion to enjoin the law on a temporary basis and the hearing is set for January 9

The second case was brought by the Second Amendment Foundation and asks the Court to enjoin the law on 4 of the sensitive places and the vehicle restriction

The four sensitive places in the second case:
(12) a publicly owned or leased library or museum;

(15) a bar or restaurant where alcohol is served, and any other site or facility where alcohol is sold for consumption on the premises; e.g.

(17) a privately or publicly owned and operated entertainment facility within this State, including but not limited to a theater, stadium, museum, arena, racetrack or other place where performances, concerts, exhibits, games or contests are held;

(24) private property, including but not limited to residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, institutional or undeveloped property, unless the owner has provided express consent or has posted a sign indicating that it is permissible to carry on the premises a concealed handgun with a valid and lawfully issued permit under N.J.S.2C:58-4, provided that nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to affect the authority to keep or carry a firearm established under subsection e. of N.J.S.2C:39-6

In the second case, on December 26, when the Court was otherwise closed for vacation, the Judge Ordered the State of New Jersey to show cause why the provisions challenged in that case were NOT unconstitutional. The hearing will be on January 5. This is the legal equivalent of the Judge telling New Jersey: "Hey cupcake, tell me -- right now -- if there is any reason why I should not stomp you good!"

Link to Docket in KOONS v. REYNOLDS
 
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In the first case New Jersey moved on an Emergency basis to have the first and second cases consolidated. We can assume that New Jersey wants the second case consolidated into the first case because the second case was assigned to a Bush 43 judge and the first case was assigned to a Biden appointee.

In the Second case the Court ordered New Jersey to file its response to the order to show cause on December 30 and New Jersey filed a long and detailed response. The weakness of New Jersey's position is illustrated by its argument on the vehicle restriction:
Nor are Plaintiffs likely to succeed on the merits of their challenge to Chapter 131's vehicle carry restriction, which merely specifies how firearms are to be carried. Section 7(b)(1) requires individuals carrying a handgun "in a vehicle" to store their gun "unloaded and contained in a closed and securely fastened case, gunbox, or locked unloaded in the trunk of the vehicle." But it does not wholly prohibit licensed individuals from carrying firearms in a vehicle.

^^^ This argument flies in the face of the Heller decision where the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated a law that said people could not keep any firearm in their home unless it was locked up. In my opinion, it is only common sense that if the "Keep" part of the 2A gives Americans the right to have an unlocked operable firearm within easy reach in their homes, the "Bear" part of the 2A gives Americans the right to have an unlocked operable firearm within easy reach when they are driving in their cars.

Here is a question for the Judge to ask the lawyer for the State of New Jersey at oral argument:

Counselor, you say, and I quote from your brief, that New Jersey's new law "does not wholly prohibit licensed individuals from carrying firearms in a vehicle." But Counselor, it appears to me that the new law does in fact prohibit licensed individuals from carrying firearms in a vehicle in a way that the firearm could be used for self defense in case of confrontation--Am I wrong?

Tellingly, during oral argument of the Heller case at the Supreme Court the District of Columbia lawyer was literally laughed out of court when he argued that a law requiring a gun to be locked up in the home was consistent with the right to keep arms:

4 MR. DELLINGER: You know, it's a question of
5 where you put the parenthesis. I read that as
6 disassembled and unloaded or under a trigger lock, and
7 that's the, that's the way the District --
8 CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS: So how long does it
9 take? If your interpretation is correct, how long does
10 it take to remove the trigger lock and make the gun
11 operable.
12 MR. DELLINGER: You -- you place a trigger
13 lock on and it has -- the version I have, a few -- you
14 can buy them at 17th Street Hardware -- has a code, like
15 a three-digit code. You turn to the code and you pull
16 it apart. That's all it takes. Even -- it took me 3
17 seconds.
18 JUSTICE SCALIA: You turn on, you turn on
19 the lamp next to your bed so you can -- you can turn the
20 knob at 3-22-95, and so somebody --
21 MR. DELLINGER: Well --
22 CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS: Is it like that? Is
23 it a numerical code?
24 MR. DELLINGER: Yes, you can have one with a
25 numerical code.
1 CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS: So then you turn on
2 the lamp, you pick up your reading glasses --
3 (Laughter.)
^^^ Heller Transcript at pp. 83-84
Link to the oral argument transcript in Heller

The same should happen in the current case
 
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Are off duty cops and LEOSA carriers exempted from these requirements? I think read somewhere they are but I can't find the post.
 
Are off duty cops and LEOSA carriers exempted from these requirements? I think read somewhere they are but I can't find the post.

I do not know

My guess ( not legal advice by any means) is that off duty New Jersey Police are exempt from the sensitive place and vehicle restrictions under the new law. I am not at all up on LEOSA but typically Federal law overrides state law. On the other hand there are many stories of LEOSA holders being given trouble in New Jersey. Moreover, I do not know if LEOSA is an across the board permit or if it only gives the LEOSA holder the same rights as a regular carry permit holder. Also, FOPA does not apply to ammunition and hollow points are a no-no in New Jersey.

For questions like this I would retain someone who practices in the field of New Jersey firearm law like Evan Nappen.

Update (But still not Legal Advice)

18 U.S.C. Sec. 936B is commonly known as LEOSA.
Link to LEOSA is Here

The two most applicable subsections appear to be subsections (a) and (b).

Subsection (a) reads as follows:

(a)Notwithstanding any other provision of the law of any State or any political subdivision thereof, an individual who is a qualified law enforcement officer and who is carrying the identification required by subsection (d) may carry a concealed firearm that has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce, subject to subsection (b).

Thus, under subsection (a), BUT "subject to subsection (b)," a State, county, city or town cannot prohibit a qualified LEO with the required identification from carrying a concealed firearm that has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce. This would seem to include most firearms but not ammunition. However, a State can prohibit carry by a qualified LEO subject to subsection (b).

Subsection (b) reads as follows:
b)This section shall not be construed to supersede or limit the laws of any State that—

(1)permit private persons or entities to prohibit or restrict the possession of concealed firearms on their property; or

(2)prohibit or restrict the possession of firearms on any State or local government property, installation, building, base, or park.

Thus under subsection (b)(1) the laws of a State allow private persons or entities to "prohibit or restrict the possession of concealed firearms on their property." Under the recent New Jersey Law, regular carry permit holders are prohibited from concealed carry on private property unless the private property owner gives express consent. It is completely UNCLEAR to me whether the exception in subsection (b)(1) allows New Jersey to prohibit concealed carry by LEO's on private property where the owner does not give express consent.

Under subsection (b)(2) the State is absolutely allowed to prohibit carry by an LEO "on any State or local government property, installation, building, base, or park." Under the recent New Jersey Law the State has effectively prohibited carry "on any State or local government property, installation, building, base, or park." So watch out.

NOTE WELL. Nothing that I say on this Forum is or should be construed to be legal advice. Rather, I consider the New Jersey firearm laws to be like a swamp inhabited by lots and lots of hungry and just plain nasty of alligators. Anyone stepping on or even near one of these alligators should expect the alligator to jump up and take a painful bite out of the unwary person's rear end. And to stretch the the analogy further, the alligators are very territorial and get extremely angry when any human gets even close to invading the alligator's territory. The best I can do is point out where I think some of the alligators are most likely to be lurking. But do not be lulled into thinking that by avoiding the places that I identify there are not plenty of alligators lurking in other places and ready to pounce, or swimming about the swamp looking for prey.

REMEMBER: The New Jersey courts take the position that anyone who dares venture into the swamp of New Jersey firearm law does so at their own peril.
 
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Their plan is "death by a thousand cuts." Anyone can see that, if he wants - much less a competent judge. So the real question is, what will happen if he doesn't? :)
 
Their plan is "death by a thousand cuts." Anyone can see that, if he wants - much less a competent judge. So the real question is, what will happen if he doesn't? :)

Just for clarity and not that it matters, in both the first and second New Jersey Federal cases the Judge is a "she."

As to what happens if one of the New Jersey Federal judges does not do the right thing in the opinion of one or more of the parties? That's easy, any party who does not like what the judge does can and likely will appeal the Judge's decision to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals. Unfortunately, the Third Circuit has never been 2A friendly and has issued at least one opinion before Bruen that refused to apply Heller to find a right under the 2A to carry outside the home. Therefore, in my humble opinion, even if one of the lower court judges rules that all or part of the New Jersey carry permit law is unconstitutional, it will take a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court to restore the carry rights that existed in New Jersey for a very short time between the Bruen Decision in late June 2022 and the recent New Jersey anti carry law of late December 2022.

VERY IMPORTANT. Until any provision of the New Jersey anti carry law is thrown out it remains the law — and anyone nabbed for violating it is in for a world of hurt. And even if a District Judge finds a violation of the Constitution, as we have seen in New York, the Court of Appeals is empowered to quickly reinstate the otherwise invalidated law. Please, when it comes to firearm laws in New Jersey do not assume you will be given what you personally consider to be fair treatment by a New Jersey police officer, prosecutor, judge or jury.
 
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I find it fascinating to follow these cases, especially if there are layperson's breakdown of the steps and documents/arguments. Please keep those coming.
 
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At 11:00 AM on January 5, 2022 there was a public hearing in the second case (Koons) at the Camden, NJ Federal District Court before the Honorable Judge Marie Bumb. Judge Bumb is known in legal circles as an excellent judge. The internet has posts from several pro-2A people who attended the hearing. They reported that the Judge was engaged and asked detailed questions indicating she had serious doubt regarding the Constitutionality of the vehicle prohibition and the default prohibition on all private property. The Judge did not rule from the Bench but it was reported that the Judge said she would make her decision "expeditiously."

Reading the tea leaves, I expect that in the next several days the Judge will issue a temporary injunction against the vehicle prohibition on the ground that the requirement to keep the gun locked and unloaded in a vehicle destroys the right to bear arms while in a vehicle. I personally feel that the vehicle restriction is so against the 2A that I would not be surprised if the Judge goes beyond a temporary restraining order and issues a Preliminary Injunction.

As to the default rule on private property, that law is so odd that I suspect the Judge will not grant a temporary injunction.
 
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60 page opinion and order. I haven't read it completely, but the conclusion is worth quoting,

IV. CONCLUSION
Plaintiffs have demonstrated a probability of success on the merits of their Second Amendment challenge to the relevant provisions of Chapter 131 Section 7(a), which criminalizes carrying handguns in certain "sensitive places," subparts 12
(public libraries or museums), 15 (bars, restaurants, and where alcohol is served), 17 (entertainment facilities), and 24 (private property), as well as section 7(b)'s ban on functional firearms in vehicles.

The State may regulate conduct squarely protected by the Second Amendment only if supported by a historical tradition of firearm regulation. Here, Plaintiffs have shown that Defendants will not be able to demonstrate a history of firearm regulation to support any of the challenged provisions. The deprivation of Plaintiffs' Second Amendment rights, as the holders of valid permits from the State to conceal carry handguns, constitutes irreparable injury, and neither the State nor the public has an interest in enforcing unconstitutional laws.

Accordingly, good cause exists, and the Court will grant the
motion for temporary restraints. An accompanying order of today's date shall issue.

January 9, 2023
s/Renée Marie Bumb
Date Renée Marie Bumb
United States District Judge

TRO granted in the Koons case.

I need to read, and I am not giving legal advice, but this would seem to negate at least for now the vehicle restriction and the private property default prohibition.

Next stop the Third Circuit
 
I read it all, and understood about 98% of it and it is a great piece of "judging" in my opinion. Looks pretty hard to refute the judge's opinion.
 
That won't stop them from wasting taxpayer money trying.

The only way to stop it is to sue the people responsible in both their official and individual capacities.


I read it all, and understood about 98% of it and it is a great piece of "judging" in my opinion. Looks pretty hard to refute the judge's opinion.
 
A spokesperson for the New Jersey Attorney General called the TRO an "errant decision" by a "right wing judge"

Hint for the Attorney General: Ragging on your judge in public is not a way to win friends and obtain favorable results at court.
Nothing like poking the bear.
 
"an 'errant decision" by a "right wing judge""……..??
Right wing,…. Left wing……. I'm getting tired of this nonsense. How about the Correct Wing, or the Real Common Sense wing……or better yet, the Constitutional Wing…… what a novelty……
Sorry mod, I'll behave myself….
Rant over…….
 
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