Springs in guns are usually measured in pounds for full compression, that is, at the length the spring assumes when it is compressed by the gun in question. For example, a 16 pound recoil spring for a 1911 exerts 16 pounds of force when the slide is at its most rearward position. It may or not be at the solid compression point, that point where all coils touch and no further compression is possible - depends on the gun.
folkenheath's description of spring rating is the most generally accepted definition in engineering terms, but for some reason, gun springs are not listed that way. No idea why.
Buck