One night, in 1978, I was a bored Security Policeman at the rear gate at Howard Air Force Base, Panama.
I was there by myself, guarding the bridge over a swampland that led to the little town of Vernado.
Anyway, I pulled the .38 Special military 130 gr. full metal jacket cartridges from my gunbelt and began inspecting them.
God knows why. I was bored.
Well, the first thing I noticed was that most of the cartridges had a fine crack running around the case, right where the web met the case wall.
As a reloader even then, I knew what would happen if that cartridge were fired: the back of the case would separate from the case wall. Upon ejection from my revolver, the case wall would be left in the chambers after the rear of the case was thrown free.
The remaining case wall would prevent the reloading of fresh ammo.
I would be well and truly expletive deleted
That morning, after my shift, I wrote up a hazard report and filed it with our captain.
I later heard that all kinds of poop de jour hit the Air Force prop blades over that ammo!
Made me feel good. I might have saved a life.
Anyway, within days a C-130 loaded with cases of new .38 Special ammo landed at Howard Air Force Base, just for the Security Police and the aicrews who carried .38 Specials.
It was the same, ol' 130 gr. FMJ stuff, but at least it wasn't defective.
The C-130 held other cargo, of course, but we were amazed that my lil' ol' report received such swift attention.
Those who have been in the military know that it can take months or years to rectify a problem.
We all wondered if some congressman's son wasn't secretly serving with us.
In more than 40 years of buying factory ammo, that's the only defective stuff I've found.
Of course, this is probably because I shoot almost entirely reloads. I haven't purchased factory .38 Special or .44 Magnum ammo in 30 years.
Cases I find at the range are carefully inspected.
That photo of 7.62 Tokarev ammo is interesting. It shows the stab crimp, used to hold the bullet in the case.
It also shows split necks. That's really nothing new.
Cracked necks in old ammunition is nothing new. Necks will crack over time if the brass neck has not been properly annealed.
Take a look at a 5.56mm cartridge of current manufacture. Notice the subtle difference in color where the shoulder meets the neck?
Before the case was loaded, its neck passed through a small flame. This softened the neck a little -- compared to the body -- so the neck wouldn't become brittle over time and split from the tension induced by the bullet jammed tightly into it.
Annealing case necks, near as I can tell, began with military ammunition just before World War II.
Nearly every .30-06 cartridge from World War I and shortly after has a split neck. It's very commonly seen in such old ammo.
Yet, World War II .30-06 ammo in my collection clearly has annealed necks and there are no splits.
A lot of foreign ammo, especially the older stuff, doesn't have annealed necks and you'll find splits in it like this photo.
Some claim it's okay to shoot such split-neck ammo. Others warn against it. Search the net and you'll find both schools.
Myself, I think it would depend on the cartridge and the firearm it's fired in.
I wouldn't shoot a .30-06 or 5.56 with split neck. Both operate at rather high pressures.
However, if I found some old .38 Special ammo with short splits in the neck, I'd probably fire it.
In a high-pressure cartridge like the 7.62 X 25, I'd rather not fire cases with any splits. However, the bullet can be pulled and reused for reloading.
It may not be wise to salvage the powder. God knows how many different types of powder might be found within the cartridges within a "sardine-tin" case of ammo.
Everyone agrees that splits in the BODY of the case make the ammo dangerous to fire. The most dangerous is a split in the head of the cartridge. Such a defect will almost certainly blow back hot gases into your face.