I was going to start the same thread, but a quick search, and whammo, it already exists (as is usually the case). So, dredging from the archives, here it is.
I listen to many of those listed above. I wasn't aware of Mike Rowe's podcast so I've added that. I try to keep up with a little more than 50 podcasts, so I've got them streaming a good deal of my waking hours.
Here's a few others that haven't been mentioned that I enjoy at times:
Election College: Presidential Election History
Freakonomics (from co-author of Freakonomics books)
99% Invisible (about design in everyday things all around us)
Presidential (a 45 min look at every President)
Common Sense by Dan Carlin
Sci Fri (2 part weekly wrap up of important Science issues)
StarTalk with Neil DeGrasse Tyson
The Global Politico
What Trump can teach us about Con Law
Revisionist History with Malcolm Gladwell
Stuff You Should Know
Planet Money
There are thousands to choose from so my listening rotates pretty regularly.