Case hardening is more than a decorative coloring treatment, it is a method of hardening the steel alloy to withstand surface wear and provide greater strength in use.
The traditional methods utilize carbon, usually in the form of bone meal or shards of leather encased with the part in a container that is heated to near the liquidus state, then drenched in oil or water. The degree of hardness imparted will vary, but is typically limited to the surface areas. Done properly, the surfaces will have a significant increase in abrasion and wear resistance. Done improperly, the part may become warped or deformed beyond any further usefulness.
It might be possible to perform a heat-bluing to the newly exposed bare steel areas by heating with a torch and quenching in oil. It is probably at least equally possible that such an attempt would defeat the original hardening of the part and result in annealing and softening the steel to some degree.
If the only concern is the cosmetics of the bare exposed steel where the hammer spur has been removed you may be better off using a bit of cold bluing (copper sulfate solution) to impart some surface coloring without the dangers of improper attempts to duplicate the color case hardening of the original finish.
Then again, if you are feeling particularly adventurous you might want to experiment with sodium cyanide heated to a vaporous form within a sealed container sufficient to contain the part and withstand the required heat. Probably best to do this outdoors while wearing a full hazmat suit with sealed internal breathing apparatus, monitoring wind conditions to protect the neighborhood from lethal gases. The good folks at Colt used to do this regularly for their famous "fire-blued" finishes on hammers and triggers, but they had a full industrial plant and very experienced engineers and technicians.
Personally, I would spend a few bucks on a bottle of cold bluing solution and call it a done project.