I was asked to comment further on my experiences as a NPS firearm instructor in the Alaska Region. When I first hired on in 1986, we had an assortment of old (pre-'64) Winchester model 70s in .375 H&H and 12 ga. model 21 shotguns. They had seen extended and rough use. As much as I loved these old Winchesters, I was instructed to dispose of them - a real heart breaker as they were destroyed as per guidelines. Our standard weapon for wildlife protection was the 12 ga. Remington 870 with slugs. I purchased some cracker rounds and rubber ball for bear management that were used only by those trained in such things. Although buckshot was used in some of the qualification courses, it was not allowed for wildlife protection. I purchased four 4" 629s for wildlife protection that were meant for backup to the primary weapons - the 870s. I am not aware of any others .44s although there may well have been others. Qualification was tough with the .44s as you generally wound up shooting over 100 rounds, including some practice rounds, during the course of a single day. If you were not experienced with the gun prior, your shooting hand generally was shaky and often bloody by the end. The ammo was American made 240 grain jacketed magnums. This may sound somewhat torturous but a high level of expertise was necessary considering the potential task. Some, myself included, carried their own .44s but they had to qualify like everyone else. LE carried .38 S&Ws (I think they were model 19s, but frankly I can't remember) and fired the Treasury +P+ loads. For wildlife protection, they used .357 magnums but had to qualify with that load separately. The switch to 9mm soon followed with Sigs being the weapon of choice. Since I was a non-LE natural resource type (geologist), I had little interest in such anemic rounds. The big artillery was geared towards large brown/grizzly bears but they generally don't get that way by hanging around people.
Someone mentioned that "liberal" (?) east coast biologists may have been shocked by such having to qualify with such weapons. I recall a group of archeologists that opted not to qualify with any weapons and setup camp in a remote location. Within a few weeks their camp was inundated with black bears that became increasingly more aggressive. I had to make a special trip to get everyone up to speed. No atheists at sea in a storm, I guess.