My recollection is that the 130-FMJ load was done to meet a military contract requirement. Higher velocity was probably the intended goal.
I remember lots of military issue .38 Special 130-FMJ ammo available during the 1960s to 1980s or so. "Plain brown wrapper" boxes, RA (Remington) production, and clearly marked to indicate suitability for military uses only, not for civilian or law enforcement uses. I always thought that was probably intended to discourage pilferage.
We had lots of S&W .38 Special revolvers in Vietnam during my time there (1969-71). Army aviation crews and pilots, Air Force air crews and security police, some Navy personnel. All the ammo I saw was the issued 130-FMJ ball ammo.
I'm still using a bunch of RA .38 Special brass with headstamps of the 1960s. Perfectly good stuff, probably reloaded 20 or 30 times over the years. I got it all for free back in the early 1970s.