If you think about it, rifles used to be chambered for Short/Long/Long Rifle ammo. For the last twenty+ years, that multiple chambering has been dropped from most makes in favor of .22 LR only.
The only semi auto handguns chambered for .22 Short that I recall we're the tiny Beretta 950/Minx series and some of the High Standard semi autos. There was a conversion kit for the Ruger standard model. Was there a .22 Short version of the S&W 41 or 46? The only .22 Long semi auto I ever saw was a Bernadelli vest pocked auto. The chamber was cut long enough for a LR, but the mag would not accept a cartridge bigger than a Long. I kept a CCI Mini-Mag LR in the chamber of mine and the two mags full of Remington HS Longs.
Revolvers would fire all three types of cartridges but required a thorough cleaning of the chambers due to build up.
Here is a photo of my last Beretta .22 Short.