In Michael Mann's "Public Enemies" I understand he wouldn't have minded a few .38 Super Thompsons and 1911s, but alas, .45 blanks were the only thing available and a .38 Super Thompson is rather rare.
Often in historical pictures of Texas Rangers with 1911s, it's assumed they have .45s but as likely as not they are .38 Supers.
The cartridge was developed around 1928 at the request of law enforcement agencies who used the .45 but wanted something with more
punch when it came to car steel, vests. However, just an aside, at the same time, the .38 Special also was souped up and it became the .38/44
for heavy framed revolvers.
Supposedly Johnny Dilliger favored the .38 Super in Thompsons and 1911s.
The 9mm Luger as conceived by Georg Luger was no slouch, with a flat point and speeds exceeding 1200 fps. His Luger pistol operated nicely with those hot rounds but people who have sometimes tried to use more modern 9mms find the Luger jams. Another point about the 9mm, is Illinois State Police at one time carried +P+ 9mm, probably going around 1300 fps and reports are that one-shot stops were common. The U.S. Navy tested the "Luger" rounds sometime in the '80s and found that just flat-pointing a hot 9mm gave it excellent terminal ballistics.
All of this, of course, is challengeable by others who have read or know better. I'm not pontificating.