It isn't that the AR platform needs a dust cover. Its that the platform used in military use environments needed one.
For those that do not know, its not called a dust cover, its actual designation is 'Ejection Port Cover'.
It was added to the platform after the first round of M-16's were fielded in the vietnam era. The platform did not have one when originally designed and fielded.
It was added for different reasons, but among these reasons was that troops in the field simply laid their weapons down in the dirt when they wern't being used. When the first versions of the original platform were fielded this was a problem because when the weapon was picked up to be used again there was freqently debris in the ejection port and weapon which if not removed could have caused the weapon to malfunction and troops rarely looked for debris in the weapon when they needed to use it. So the cover was added for the troops to close when their weapons were not in use, the same holds true today.
The same design has stuck with the civilian versions for a few different reasons and among these are;
1. The majority of civilian AR platform owners buy them for the military genre' aspect. Those that do not buy the civilian version platform for the military genre' appeal are a very small minority.
2. The civilian AR platforms needed to serve a dual purpose for marketing; A. They needed to remain an appeal to the general civilian market. B. Since the largest majority of the AR platforms are sold to official agencies in both government and civilian sectors, they needed to be a platform for environments that needed government standards compliance for purposes of standardization, liability, commonality in parts traceable to NSN standards stocking systems facilities (for general supply and use in time of national crisis - its sort of like why interstates have a straight stretch of re-enforced road every so many miles so military aircraft can use them in times of national emergency by having a straight strip of road to land on/take off from.)
To maintain both those things, the standard "mold" is used and that includes the things for the Ejection Port Cover which is the norm.
Anyway, this is why the platform 'Ejection Post Cover' still exists in the civilian AR platform market. Removing the ejection port cover on the design (such as on the Sport model) is actually an oddity. A company does not loose sales on an AR platform because they either have or don't have an ejection port cover, they lose or gain a sale (in terms of the ejection port cover) for a weapon because the consumer chooses to either have or not have an ejection port cover - in other words they lose or gain a sale by routine normal market forces starting at the consumer because its always the consumers choice and decision.
I've seen people try to convince others they don't need an ejection port cover because it affects how the weapon operates - this is not the truth. I've also seen people try to convince friends they were assisting in buying a weapon that the ejection port cover either would or would not have a function - this is not the truth either. I've seen lots of things put out both pro and con. The truth is - the ejection port cover does have a function and use but does nothing to affect the weapon normal operation (aside from the practical use of trying to keep stuff out when the weapon is not being fired), and for the civilian consumer to have one or not is simply a personal preference choice.
Why do people buy or use gun cases? It can be just as protective to wrap the weapon in old rags and carry it around in a cardboard box. Aside from a convenience, or carry, or "get everything for the weapon in one case", factor, the number one reason for buying or using a gun case is to protect the weapon which is a hundreds to thousands of dollars investment for most people. The same thing is basically true for the ejection port cover, its use is to help protect the weapon by helping keep contaminates out. The choice is the same for the gun case and the ejection port cover, you can choose to have one or not.