Here in the Smokies we have black bears, but they usually head the other way. If they don't the .45ACP is more than enough to handle them, my grandfather was probably the first handgun hunter in the area (by neccessity, we was po' and surplus .45 was cheap) and he took most of his bears with the GI 45. When I hike around here, I usually take a Colt Det. Special, because around here it is the human animal that is the biggest threat, ditto when I am in the parks of the Southwest. In the Grizzly areas, I start getting comfortable at the .45acp-.44 special threshold. The main concern for my park guns is always Human threats first and Animal threats second. I have to rule out the .460-.500 and any other howdah, they are just too big for any appication but dedicated hunting.