One of the biggest design flaws of the S&W 41 is the ejector. It is nothing more than a ridge on the slide stop lever. As this is a stamped part, I personally feel that it is a cost cutting expediency that is out of place for a pistol of this price.
The 41 was derived from the Hammerli/Walther Olympia, which had been in production since the 1930s. Even the magazines, with a bit of modification are interchangeable. S&W made a number of design changes, with the elimination of a separate ejector being one of them.
Over the years, S&W has changed the exact location of the ejector notch. Earlier models have the notch further to the rear of the slide stop lever. Ejection problems were common if the slide did not reach near full rearward motion during recoil. S&W then decided to move the ejector notch further forward. The alleviated the problem to a degree, but it is still a far too common issue.
One of the problems is that the bend in the upper arm of the slide stop lever has to be low enough to clear the relief cut in the bottom of the slide. If it's too low, however, the empty case is bumped upwards, rather than out to the right. The empty then ends up between the top of the next round and the bottom of the barrel's rear sight extension. When the slide is driven forward by the recoil spring it really can jam that empty in there!
Try to examine for a gap between these parts.
If there is much of a gap, my recommendation is remove the slide stop lever, place it in a vise so you can get to the underside of the ejector notch, and use a ball peen hammer and drift punch to raise it slightly. Reassemble and check it for drag on the slide. You can dress down the top of the slide stop lever for minimum clearance if you go too much. This will likely fix things up, assuming you follow the other advice here regarding recoil springs and the like.
More extensive modification can involve adding metal to the ejector and/or deepening the relief cut in the slide. The former is not too hard, but the latter will need the work of a machinist/gunsmith.
Best Regards,
Jim