Whats the difference between Series 80, Series 70, MKIV, Government Model, 1991A1, Gold Cup, Defender, Commander, Combat Commander, etc.
I'm going to guess the Defender, Commander, and Combat Commander are shorter.
Is there a link or a short explanation somewhere I can educate myself?
Offhand, I can't think of a single source. This was stuff I learned over time. You might want to try places like Wikipedia. There are also 1911-specific forums. You could probably search in this subforum for threads on 1911 recommendations. There are also books out there on the history and development of the 1911, as well as numerous YouTube videos.
I'll try to give a quick summary...
Stop laughing...
Series 70 vs Series 80. While there are more details, most people who use the terms nowadays refer to 1911s without firing pin safeties as Series 70 and guns with trigger-activated firing pin safeties as Series 80. Series 70 can also refer to Colt 1911s produced in the 1970s that used collet bushings, barrel bushings with springy tabs instead of the solid steel bushings that are pretty much universal today (though some modern guns have bushing-less designs). Series 80 guns originated from Colt in the early 1980s as the first 1911s with firing pin safeties (I think) and a return to solid bushings.
There are also Schwartz (sp?) firing pin safeties that are activated by the grip safety, but they're less common. Kimber and S&W are the only ones I can think of offhand that either use them now or have used them before.
Sizes. Government Model refers to the full-size guns with 5" barrels. Commander refers to guns with full-size frames and 4.25" barrels (or thereabouts). Officer Model refers to guns with shorter frames (1 round less capacity) and 3.5" barrels (or thereabouts). While these names are specific to Colt 1911s, they're sometimes used as general terms when describing 1911s by other makers.
Defender, I believe, is a Colt-specific model that is a tiny bit smaller than the Officer Model, if I'm not mistaken.
There is also the CCO, which is a Commander-length slide/barrel assembly on an Officer Model frame, the advantage being a shorter frame for easier concealment but a longer slide/barrel for improved shootability and reliability.
Gold Cup is a Colt-specific model target version of the 1911, with adjustable sights.
1991A1 was Colt's budget line in the 1990s. They were Series 80 guns with parkerized finishes and none of the bells-and-whistles that are often standard on currently-produced 1911s.
Commander vs Combat Commander. Originally, the Commander was Colt's term for the aluminum alloy-framed Commander and Combat Commander was the term for steel-framed Commanders. I think nowadays most people will specify the aluminum alloy-framed model as a Lightweight Commander and the steel-framed model as either a Commander or Combat Commander.
I don't know the meaning of the MKIV label.
Clear as mud?
Hopefully I've covered the basics, and someone will correct me if I've made an error somewhere. I should add that there are a number of 1911 aficionados who get very picky about the terminology used and don't like the generalizations that are common nowadays. I'm not one of them.
Be warned. Getting interested in 1911s can draw you into the rabbit's hole. You may never be the same again.
