What you are talking about is clearance, not tolerance. And, no, the clearances are not too tight because the gun binds when it gets un-burned powder grains under the extractor. If the clearance was any greater, then the gun would have excessive end-shake.
Your problem is not handling the gun correctly, not "dirty" powder. You are holding the gun muzzle down and picking the cases out of the cylinder, which allows the partially burned powder grains to fall under the extractor when it is up/out.
When extracting cases, open the cylinder, turn the gun so the muzzle is pointing up, then push/strike the extractor rod and allow the cases to fall free from the gun. This can be into your hand, onto the bench, into a can, or let them drop onto the ground. The whole point is that the muzzle is up so the powder grains don't get under the extractor in the first place.
I can't read your note, but if it says it was with Blue Dot as OKFC05 noted, he is absolutely correct, pick something else. Bullseye, Red-Dot, Unique, Universal, HP-38/231 (same thing) or any of several other pistol/shotgun powders, are all far better choices than Blue Dot.