A few years back, I was lucky enough to stumble across a model 17, that was manufactured in 1955, which made it a birthday gun for me (both born in 55). I swore that I would never sell that gun. It was a tack driver, every bit as accurate as my model 41. Unfortunately, just like quite a few other model 17's, it had a severe case of the dreaded tight chamber syndrome. No matter how much I cleaned those chambers, after four or five cylinders full, ejecting the brass became torture. It didn't matter if I used standard velocity or high velocity ammunition. I decided that rather than damaging the ejector rod, I would just sell the gun. It turns out that selling that gun wasn't a bad as it could have been, I have since gotten into competition shooting, where my 4" 617 gets plenty of work. Even the 617 exhibits "sticky" extraction after a long day of shooting, but nowhere near the battles I had with the model 17. So it's not just the aluminum cylinder that have this problem.
If it were my gun, I would be back on the phone with S&W customer service, I would ask for a supervisor, and relay the "use standard velocity ammunition only" story. I would remind them that in today's market, you need to purchase whatever .22 ammunition is available. If you have to limit the type of ammunition you can use, you will be better off selling the 317. I would ask them to issue a return authorization, and have their service department ream the chambers. You paid for a gun that should work properly.