I do dry-fire and do holding drills, typically four or five days a week, and typically three or four half hour sessions a day. These drills noticeably improve my ability to hold the gun more steady. But if I miss a few days, that ability goes away somewhat. It used to be better at dry-firing than when I had live ammo, but that's getting minimal as well - what I see in my bedroom is what I see at the range. I think that is the single biggest problem I now have, as the targets I'll post below represent what my red dot was doing as I was shooting. Very few "flyers".
You're at the hard part--even your "bad" shots are, by objective standards, quite good. I took the liberty of doing a little group-analysis on your picture, attached below. The questions I think you should ask yourself are:
--For shots that landed outside the red circles, what was different? Was my grip looser? Was my finger in a different place? Was my timing different?
--For groups without a red circle, what was different from the other groups? What changed about my grip? Did I stand a different way, tense my hand and arm less or more, etc. Even things like getting tired matters.
Sometimes you'll successfully answer one of those questions. As the groups shrink and the scores climb, the answer gets "smaller" and harder to find. When you do, write it down and incorporate it into your shot process.
I don't have a spotting scope, but I do have a pair of binoculars I bought for shooting. I definitely am not able to see the holes most of the time without using them, and I refuse to use the "shoot-and-see" targets, as I'm afraid that I will "correct" my aim after every shot. I take 5 shots, then look at the group. A spotting scope would be a big help, now that I think about it again. I need to find one with a "tripod" of some type. Any suggestions?
Don't go crazy on one. If you can see each shot with the binoculars, just use them, especially if you can do so without breaking your dominant-hand grip.
I've used inexpensive Barska, Burris, and Bushnell scopes myself. There's a noticeable difference with expensive glass, but hey--if you can see the holes, what's the difference? If you decide to pick one up anyway--I would really just continue with the binoculars--an adjustable tripod with telescoping legs is handy. Try and find someone that's got one and give it a whirl.
The big thing is to be "scoping" each shot, however you do it. A lot of the things you figure out are counterintuitive--the idea of shooting faster and holding for less time seems nonsensical, for instance, because we associate precision and accuracy with being careful, and being careful with working slowly.
Question - when you describe a "shot process", carefully doing everything the same way, and writing down every step, is that before each shot, or each time you insert a new magazine? With my 45, I used to load one round per magazine (maybe two every so often) so I was constantly doing what I think you are suggesting, but with the 22 I'm loading 5 rounds. Yes, I'm sure what you wrote will help, as I'm not "certain" that I am holding the gun exactly the same way. Close, but that would explain why some shots (groups) are more likely to be to the left or right, which is clear in my target below.
My shot process begins with how I pick the gun up to start shooting--grip the muzzle with my left hand, place the gun in my right hand, etc etc. But yes--variation in grip and the exact orientation of your finger on the trigger is why groups shift around the target.
Whatever you do, don't try "chasing" them with sight or point-of-aim adjustments.
You can load multiple cartridges and still have a consistent shot process. It's a matter of personal preference. I always load 5 per magazine, but in slow fire (10 shots/10 minutes), I reload the magazine after the fourth shot, so the recoil is as consistent as possible.
But that's just me. Whether or not is matters, doesn't actually matter. If you think it matters--then it does. If you decide that you shoot better if you have a bagel, an egg, and a banana for breakfast, then the confidence alone will allow you to shoot better.
With the stock Model 41 grips, I'm never sure what to do with my thumbs. I can shoot with either thumb next to the gun, with the other thumb outside. I have ordered a pair of Herrett grips, which are flat, to fix this. I will be talking to Dee on Tuesday morning to decide which of their Model 41 grips would be best - any advice?
Dunno. It's tough to judge without seeing your hands. The H-41s keep a lot of the contour of the stock grips, and reduce the thumbrest to a slight bulge. The Trainer is much more flat (costs quite a bit more, too).
I usually "stack" my dominant thumb over my off-hand thumb when I use two hands. But mostly, I don't think about it.
Regarding "bad shots", I've been trying to stop, and start the process all over when something feels wrong, but every so often (nerves?) I fire when I wasn't ready. This happens much less often now.
It's harder than it sounds. If you're practicing dry-firing at home--abort dry-fire shots. If you dry-fire every time you raise, then when you get to the firing line, you'll do the same thing.