Just sold my Swede 6.5X55 which is a perfect game getter. Reason sold: eyes ain't what they used to be. My standard has always been a .308 but the venerable .30-06 has taken it's fair share of game.
I used .30-06 in two different rifles for the approximate 30 years I was actively deer hunting. Never had any cause to cuss it and many of those years I loaded it back to velocity range of .300 Savage. That didn't seem to make any difference at all.
Were I to buy something today for where and how I would hunt here, I think I might look at a .260 or 7mm-08.
The .308 gets my vote. A few weeks ago, I loaded 100 rounds for a new shooter using Hodgdon's H4895 youth data. I got a 165-grain bullet going about 2,100 fps. Testing them was so much fun that I might use them this year in my Model 70.
Fields - .270 [Weatherby]
Swamp (You can see like 50 yards max) - 7-30 Waters [Thompson Center Contender]
Lots of woods walking - .357 Magnum [Smith & Wesson 686]
I have been hunting Deer here in Michigan since 1955,and most of those years with an 8 x 57 Mauser.I like it because it has never let me down. I have several others from 250 Savage to 300 H & H, but early this year picked up a Browning Mod.71,in 348 WCF cal. so plan to try that one this fall.(Befor I get so old I can`t get out of the cabin !)
Browning BLR in 300 win mag for long range. My favorite is the 629-1 6 inch barrel 44 magnum!!!Elmer Keith's, "Hell I was There" got me to start the revolver hunting!!!!
I really like a ruger 77 I have in 7x57. That cartridge shoots different bullet weights and brands to the same POA for some reason!
I love the 7 Mauser.
Many years ago, I bought a new Mark X Mannlicher in 7X57 that I thot I would rechamber to .280 Rem or 7MM Rem Magnum. A cousin of mine was a frequent corrersponder with P.O. Ackley. I wrote to Mr Ackley and asked his advice. He told me he could rechamber to either cal. but that, in his opinion, the .280 could do everything the mag did and "do it better." (His quote. I still have the letter somewhere.)
I never rechambered it since upon shooting it w/ factory 7 Mauser one day, it seemed to 'want to shoot.' I bought dies for it and soon discovered it was luckily long-throated (not 'free-bored') and would safely shoot handloads near or equal to a 280. It also shot the 140 Sierra and 162 Hornady with the same loads of 4350 since the Hornady had a sharper ogive and could be seated out a little further. It also shot them to the same points of impact @ 100 yards in 5 shot groups few would believe if I published them.
The two 700 7 Mag I had both seemed to require deeper seating that would mitigate their true potential. I personally favor the 721-725 series over the 700's.
I don't deer hunt anymore and haven't for years. If I did start again I'd probably take either a Rem 08 automatic in 30Remington, or one of the Mannlicher Schoenaurs.
It's more the rifle than the caliber. Others to choose from but those I've been shooting more lately. Unless the shots are extreme, most any decent centerfire caliber will do around here.
I've taken deer with my .30 carbine, 7 mm mag and a .308 .
FWIW and for my part of the woods..The 308 is my favorite..as others have
stated just about any mentioned caliber would work quite well in fact a 30-30
could be the all time game getter..
I have more 30.06 than any other calibre,( I don't know why, it just happened!). I also have 7mm RemMag, .243, .308 and a 500/450. But if I go wandering in the woods where I might have to defend myself from bigfoot, it'll be my pre-64 Mod 70 in 30.06 with express sights. It just fits.
In Ohio I can't use a cartridge rifle for deer, so I use a 54 caliber T/C Scout. For out of state it all depends on the distances and cover as to which rifle to take, but generally speaking the .30-06 will do pretty much everything I need.