Good photos and they show a lot of information. The cartridge was not stripped from the mag, and the slide locked back. I would guess that since all was feeding fine, until the last cartridge, and the slide locked back, that it is one of three things. You accidentally pushed the slide lock up, with you thumb. This has been reported by other members, that the recoil snap caused their thumb to push up on the lock. You don't have the issue with your FS, but the Shield's grip is so much smaller that your thumb is likely riding higher up. The only way for the slide to lock back is by manually pushing the lever up, or after the last round is feed, the follower would push the lever up to lock the slide back. But since there is still a cartridge in the mag, the follower can not raise up high enough, to push the lever up. Why this would only happen with the 6 round mag, and on the last round, is the question.
Option two is you have a deformed follower or magazine, that is pushing the lever up, even before the last cartridge is fed. I doubt that, but anything is possible. That should be an easy check. I would first lock the slide open and check the clearance between the slide lock tab, with the edge of the mag and the follower as you insert that 6 round mag. If it is real close, that may be the cause. If the clearance is close, add some upward pressure to the bottom of the mag, to see if it gets closer. You may be pushing the mag up, with the pinky finger, while shooting. I do that.
The last thing the photos show is the last cartridge is well forward, in the magazine. If the left edge of the cartridge can touch the slide lock tab, it may be pushing the slide lock up. Make sure when loading the mag, all cartridges are getting seated to the rear of the mag. There really should not be much room for forward movement of the cartridge, when inserted in the mag. Compare the followers between the two mags, for differences. Another option is to swap the followers, this would show if one is a problem. The followers should be identical.
If not one of these items, I would be at a total loss as to what would be causing the problem.
Bob