Couple summers in Alaska ....... 1st choice is a 12 gauge with slugs...... but reality something you will have on you not resting on a tree 10-20 ft away.
I've lived in WA and OR my entire life and have spent a lot of time in the wild. I feel fine carrying a 4" 38spl loaded with Underwood Hardcast Keith. I've seen signs of a bear, but never seen a bear. You might see a cougar, but if you do, the cougar saw you a long time ago and so far has decided you are more an object of curiousity than prey. Just stay away from it and go about your business.
Idaho resident here...Idaho is a Constitutional Carry state so you are allowed to CCW here without a permit, even if you are from another state. If you assume everyone you meet is carrying, you will not be far off.
I spend a lot of time in the Idaho back country. Out of the calibers you listed I often carry a 4" .44 magnum (629-4) and a Marlin 1894 in .44 magnum. My other choice is a 10mm 1911 with full-load 210 grain ammo. It offers .357 ballistics in my favorite type of handgun.
The critters I am most concerned with aren't bears, but rather Moose! My next door neighbor walked out of her house and surprised Bullwinkle and his two girlfriends drinking from her pond. He chased her around her car for what must have seemed an eternity, but in reality was about a minute before they ran into the woods. I think my neighbor aged 10 years in that 60 seconds.
On my property I have seen black bears, mountain lions, bobcat, feral cats, turkeys, whitetail and mule deer, elk, moose, free range cattle, and coyote.
I’ll try not to tell too many people but I think Idaho is my favorite state I’ve had the pleasure of visiting.