I'm in my element here, guys - so don't stop me now!
Here's one of the most common questions that always needs clarification: "Does a pacemaker cure atrial fibrillation?"
Answer - YES... ish.
But first - a word from our sponsor...
Atrial Fibrillation is essentially chaotic electrical activity inside the top two chambers of your heart. Instead of the electrical current running in a neat, orderly and military manner from your SA (sino-atrial) node to your AV (atrio-ventricular) node in your heart along the designated pathways which causes your atria to contract normally, that electricity instead scatters around the surface of your atria in a very disorganized, disheveled and un-military manner causing the atria not to beat but to "fibrillate" or quiver.
This is not good. This is also not easy to control.
There are meds to thin your blood - this prevents a clot from forming inside your quivering atria and causing a stroke, pulmonary embolism, or worse. Much worse...
There are meds to help control your heart rate - so your heart does not race ("over-rev") if you do go into a-fib.
There are meds to help "calm" your heart muscle to hopefully reduce the opportunity of you going into a-fib.
BUT, there are NO MEDS that repair the electrical pathways between your SA and AV nodes to cure a-fib. Sorry.
An ablation locates and burns away the point (or many points) in your heart where the a-fib or a-flutter starts from. This is difficult for a-fib because there may not be an identifiable point. Heck, there may even be thousands. Another ablation technique is to burn a patchwork or "quilt" pattern in your heart tissue in order to prevent this chaotic electricity from scattering and causing a-fib. Only your electrophysiologist can decide which would be best for you.
That brings us to the topic of pacemakers. The only way to truly "cure" a-fib (if you can call it a cure) is to completely eliminate the SA - and possibly even the AV - node in your heart by ablation and replace it with an electronic substitute - a pacemaker. In this manner they eliminate the cause, eliminate the natural but faulty pathways, and rely completely on the pacemaker to do the job of making your atria (and frequently your ventricles also) beat in an organized manner. Problem solved - mostly.
Pacemakers can pace just your atria, just your ventricles, or both. Your doctor will choose how much you will need it.
Oh, and an ICD (Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator) can be added to a pacemaker or used as a stand-alone device. They sense a potentially lethal heart rhythm and deliver a very small electrical shock directly to the heart muscle in order to 'reset' your heart rhythm - but not everybody gets those unless they have additional problems that are a bit more serious.
That's enough book-learning for one day!