OK, at 67 years of age and having been a NRA and BSA instructor off and on for about 30 years or so, I can say from experience that the 22 has inherent accuracy for pistols and revolvers to 50 yards (Bullseye competitions were and are held to that distance) and rifles are used in regular competitions on paper out to 200 yards, but more often limited to 100. With new shooters on rifle ranges, 50 feet was a long held standard and in many places still is, and a lot of indoor pistol ranges are limited by space to 50 feet as well. Longer shots for fun are certainly available outdoors, FOR FUN, but they wouldn't be practical for hunting or organized target shooting... more for winning bets, etc. I agree that for teaching pistol shooting, 22s at short distances (5-7 yards or so) is a good starting point, but once the the new shooter is successful it's time to move out to at least the 15 yard/50 foot distance to promote concentration on aiming at a target.
I don't understand the writers who are chiming in here defending Billy Bob and his ilk who come to the range with a bulk box of ammo and see how much damage and destruction they can wreak on the target frames, walls, sound baffles, lights, etc, etc. As one who has to help build and repair the facilities at my local club, I regard these folks as a lower form of humanity. If they bring target material at all, it is junk and trash, and once they have finished mutilating it with the relatively few hits they are capable of making as they randomly blast more-or-less down range, they leave the remnants right where they lie for someone else to pick up. As for target frames, they put their intended targets on the edges of the frame so that if they DO accidentally hit what they "aim" at, it is sure the frame will be damaged. They have even been shooting through the 4x4" steel pipes we use for target stands at 100-300 yards! If you attempt to suggest they might want to hit a regular target somewhere near the center of the frame and properly located on the range, they take the attitude of "what fun is that?" I find all of this pretty strange at my local club as the shotgun sports are big there, and no one would dream of intentionally shooting the low house on a skeet field just to see the pattern. I just don't understand the destructive mentality when a pistol is in their hand. Rant over!
Froggie