I think this was a progressive failure of the rifle, enhanced by a hot load, possibly a double charge. The M903 round is designed ONLY for the M2, and shooting it in any other gun chambered for the .50 BMG is a risk. I think the several SLAP rounds he fired started a failure mode that culminated in the catastrophic failure of the rifle, of weakening the threads on the breech, even though the cap could be threaded and tightened all the way to the point of firing the last round. I'd like to have seen the threads inside the cap, I believe they were probably distorted as well.
I saw something in the video that I wonder about, it happens just after he chambered the last round and closed the gun; a small piece of something flew down from around the grip/breech area of the rifle and bounced forward off the table. I tried to isolate it by starting and stopping the video rapidly, but could not get a clear idea of what it was. It was light colored, possibly brass, and looked to be about the size of the end of a finger
However, I am extremely please he pulled through the injuries. He was lucky on so many levels; that the shrapnel lacerated his jugular instead of his carotid artery, which lies next to the jugular in the neck; that he is a solid and healthy guy; that he had training and didn't panic; that his Dad was there to lend assistance and get him to advanced care, and that he was in an area that has one of the best trauma centers in the US.