Claims
Most property and casualty policies are written from a standard form published by IIA (Insurance Institute of America).
The biggest difference in how claims are handled is usually determined by middle management, get a jacka** in charge and the attitude rolls downhill. If an appraiser seems to be shooting from the hip ask to see his/her IAA certificate or ASE certification, ASE has separate classification for damage appraisal. Another solution if a company appraiser presents you with a lowball estimate take a copy of it to one of their authorized repair facilities with the header blacked out and ask if the shop will repair and guarantee the work per that estimate. The insurance company I worked for had a first choice program whereby if your shop of choice was enrolled they would accept the shop's estimate with digital photos, the shops were informed of the insurance companies policies and expectations of quality. If a discrepancy arose a home office appraiser was sent out to review the damage. As some posters have noted often auto claims particularly "fender-benders" are handled by newer/less experienced representatives, this can lead to frustration when a newbie tries to impress his boss with the money he saved the company.
A good appraiser tries to write an estimate that will return the vehicle to pre-collision condition within the limits and terms of the policy. Sometimes this means subtracting a percentage of the damage in consideration of prior unrepaired damage or damage not involved in the current incident. Sometimes this requires some comprise on both sides; maybe the exact same part is no longer available of a tire that was half worn out was ruined. A good appraiser saves his company money by: weeding out: inflated repair times; unneeded parts ;sourcing quality parts from other vendors; identifying prior damage; verifying the facts of the loss; identifying other parties legally liable for the loss.
As for a total loss, in most cases it is simple math if the cost of repairs + the salvage value (post loss) = or exceeds the ACV (actual cash value) the vehicle is totaled. The sticking point comes when a vehicle is rare; in unusually good condition; or has features that cannot be duplicated in the local market.
In cases of disputes most states have an arbitration process, some states allow the claimant to use a "public adjuster" (a qualified adjuster not beholden to either party) .
That's enough for now, if I haven't put you to sleep you'll just have to have a toddy or an Ambien.
In another post I'll tell you about my first big truck claim as an Heavy Truck Appraiser, not as riveting as a Badger/Mushroom/Snake video but and insight into how co-operation can make a win/win out of a bad event.
Jim in Iowa