Question.How did the .32 ever make its way as a Police round ?

Seems I remember that the NYPD didn't adopt the .38 Special as a caliber until sometime in the mid-1920s. And lots of small (and maybe even larger) city police departments didn't have much in the way of gun or caliber standards until after WWII, just whatever gun a cop wanted to carry was OK. And some rural area sheriffs, constables, etc. may still have the same "whatever" policy. I have a second home in a sparsely populated county in West Texas, and it seems no two Sheriff's deputies carry the same gun. I see .45 Autos and .44 Magnums for the most part. One carries a Desert Eagle. Heck, they don't even wear uniforms, maybe just a uniform shirt with a badge, mostly jeans, cowboy boots, and cowboy hats.
 
There was very little scientific about the Thompson-LaGarde tests. In one of the older Gun Digests, there is a very complete account of exactly how the cattle tests were performed. If you read it, it becomes clear that they were making up their test program as they went along, and nothing conclusive actually resulted from it. The plan was more like "Hey, let's go out and shoot a bunch of cows and see what happens!"

Mr DWalt, if we apply modern methods to just about any fledgling study, the methods used will look pretty primitive. By definition, the Scientific Method involves making observations under controlled conditions and trying to draw conclusions from the data thus obtained. Prior to this time, the main evaluation of the efficacy of a firearm or round of ammo was whether the user survived or not, without much thought to the whys and wherefores. As a longtime science teacher (Biology - 40 years) I look at historical studies that were ground breaking for their day and can pick them apart in minutes... but they gave us a place to start.

Watson and Crick said of their DNA research, "We stood on the shoulders of giants" and much has been found on the subject in the intervening 60+ years. The same can be said of the history of firearms and ballistics research. I seem to recall the great Elmer Keith blowing up a few guns "experimenting" with high performance loads, but his end results are no less valid.

JMHO, of course and YMMV.

Froggie
 
There's a .32 for you. This obviously ain't me. But I love the photo; you hardly ever see the Model 1896 in an action shot (even if staged).
 

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.32 revolvers were, I believe, popular for plainclothes and off-duty carry as late as the '70s. My BIL was a Justice of the Peace from the mid 60's to 1973, when Virginia abolished the office and went to the magistrate system. He legally carried a 3" nickel S&W .32 that a local VSP trooper lent him. That was the first centerfire handgun I ever fired.
 
Mr DWalt, if we apply modern methods to just about any fledgling study, the methods used will look pretty primitive. By definition, the Scientific Method involves making observations under controlled conditions and trying to draw conclusions from the data thus obtained. Prior to this time, the main evaluation of the efficacy of a firearm or round of ammo was whether the user survived or not, without much thought to the whys and wherefores. As a longtime science teacher (Biology - 40 years) I look at historical studies that were ground breaking for their day and can pick them apart in minutes... but they gave us a place to start.

Watson and Crick said of their DNA research, "We stood on the shoulders of giants" and much has been found on the subject in the intervening 60+ years. The same can be said of the history of firearms and ballistics research. I seem to recall the great Elmer Keith blowing up a few guns "experimenting" with high performance loads, but his end results are no less valid.

JMHO, of course and YMMV.

Froggie

If you care to look at the original T-LG cattle test results and commentary, it can be found in 1he 1983 (37th) Edition of Gun Digest, in an article titled "The Holes in Stopping Power Theory" by Leon Day, p. 24. I am sure all would appreciate your analysis of the experimental design of the Thompson and LaGarde cattle study.
 
it wasn't just the U S, in Europe the .32 acp was pretty much a standard police load.



That's very true. Back when I was an MP in Germany during the late 70's the German Polizei all carried .32's. They all had those horrible fold over cover holsters too. They went to 9mm in the early 80's . German MP's carried P-1's in 9mm all the while though during that period.
Many of the field personnel carried 32's during WW2 though . My Father in Law kept the one he had carried till he died a few years ago. I'm also pretty sure they let him carry that same gun all the years he worked as a police officer after the war right until he retired. The stupid thing was he couldn't get any rounds for it after he retired so I got him a box from the Munich Rod And Gun Club on McGraw Kasserne.
 
That's very true. Back when I was an MP in Germany during the late 70's the German Polizei all carried .32's. They all had those horrible fold over cover holsters too. They went to 9mm in the early 80's . German MP's carried P-1's in 9mm all the while though during that period.

That was true in Europe in general. And both the great compact 20th centrury auto pistol designs, Browning's FN 1910 and Walther's PP/PPK, were available in both .32 and .380 right from the start. Yet virtually ALL police and other agency orders from the 1920s through the 1970s were for the .32 version, even though the .380 does offer significantly better ballistics in an identically sized gun.
But lest we think that was some weird European thing, the same applied to the two most popular American pocket autos, from Colt and Savage. The Colt 1903 Hammerless in .32 outsold the 1908 version in .380 by a factor of about 4 to 1. People just didn't think about stopping power the way we do now.
 
If you care to look at the original T-LG cattle test results and commentary, it can be found in 1he 1983 (37th) Edition of Gun Digest, in an article titled "The Holes in Stopping Power Theory" by Leon Day, p. 24. I am sure all would appreciate your analysis of the experimental design of the Thompson and LaGarde cattle study.

To begin with, I am writing this in response to what I consider to be a polite and sincere question, and intend to respond in kind. OK, where to begin? First, we can all agree that these tests were done about a century ago, without the benefit of any of the equipment commonly available today for measuring and evaluating results? They were sort of at the Commodore 64™ stage while we all now have the benefit MacBook Pros™.

It would appear that they 1) depended on a limited number of samples, and 2) added information from hearsay (anecdotal) evidence… I don't know about all of what was in the original commentary and conclusions of the study as all the article in question provides is part of the data with their own commentary interspersed with very brief excerpts from the report itself. The article in question does not give much of the original study except the data and then the author's own feelings about the study… I would have to read T&L's own commentary on the whys and wherefores and their specific conclusions and recommendations before I could draw my own informed conclusion. I actually agree with most of the actual quotes (having to do with shot placement, etc.) from T&L.

The principals of the study (Thompson and LaGarde) may well have had an "axe to grind" but truth to tell most researchers have at least some preconception of what they will find, otherwise why would they look? An indication of integrity of the data is that another researcher can look at all that is reported and see all of what was done, not just what the original writer wanted to display in support of his hypothesis.

I'm willing to accept that there were flaws in the research methods… I said so in my earlier post, but the fact remains that this was a fledgling attempt at a scientific study of stopping power, and the first of its kind of which I am aware. Does anyone know of an earlier one?

In his final paragraph, the author of the article in question makes a telling revelation (note the time frame of the article which was about the time the US Military was adopting the Beretta 9mm service weapon) when he accuses T&L of having "a lot to do with that delay" because now we have (had) a flat-point 9 mm bullet that was "very like the one tested in 1904." Speaking of axes to grind. Oh, and how is that changeover working out with all the big government testing that led to its adoption? It would appear that the military is trending back toward the 45... another "full circle," perhaps?

Now let's get back to the original reason for this thread. The 32 S&W Long (in the US) and 32 ACP (in Europe) were apparently considered by police officers and their superiors to be sufficient for civilian encounters of a criminal nature… as already stated, the use of one's handgun was usually fairly far down the list of strategies, after truncheons, saps, etc. The inventors of the 9 mm Parabellum ("for war") round had that purpose in mind, not civilian encounters, and with certain exceptions (mostly in the "Wild West") the carrying of 45s in the US by civilians including civilian police was apparently pretty rare. BTW, lest I be accused of being a knuckle dragging Neanderthal with a 1911 on each hip, my EDC is a 32 S&W Long snubbie, which T&L didn't even see fit to evaluate! That's why I read this thread in the first place.

Respectfully,
the Green Frog
 
Weren't American LE

I couldn't find anything in a search.How did lawman go from the .45 black powder, and other more potent rounds to the .32.this has always puzzled me as a choice for Law Enforcement.And no I would not want to get hit with one,but it does seem under powered for the role of stopping armed criminals.

The 32 pistols were common for European law enforcement for
many years. My thoughts on this are they would not be engaged
in shootouts with criminals. Criminals and the public in Europe were seldom armed with a gun of any sort.
The 38 special pretty well was the general (there are always exceptions) caliber carried by American police after the "cowboy"
guns seemed to large (I guess) with police uniforms.
What's always puzzled me is why so many of my fellow detectives
carried these S&W 38 special snubby air weights! (Five shot)
We furnished our own firearms. (Mandated 38 special) But, once I became a detective I bought and carried the S&W Model 39.
It was a shooter!

"People sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf."
-- George Orwell
 
That was true in Europe in general. And both the great compact 20th centrury auto pistol designs, Browning's FN 1910 and Walther's PP/PPK, were available in both .32 and .380 right from the start. Yet virtually ALL police and other agency orders from the 1920s through the 1970s were for the .32 version, even though the .380 does offer significantly better ballistics in an identically sized gun.
But lest we think that was some weird European thing, the same applied to the two most popular American pocket autos, from Colt and Savage. The Colt 1903 Hammerless in .32 outsold the 1908 version in .380 by a factor of about 4 to 1. People just didn't think about stopping power the way we do now.

That's debatable, particularly in FMJ or LRN format.

Both rounds have a muzzle velocity of around 1000-1050 fps, and penetration with the .32 ACP is just as good as the .380 ACP, with the smaller diameter making up for the lighter weight, and the difference in wound channel is minimal. Plus in the same pistol type, the .32 ACP offers one more round in the magazine than you get with .380 ACP.

----

Europe never developed the same large caliber bias that was common in the US, and the .32 ACP remained the standard until incidents with terrorists created the motivation to move to 9mm Para as a police round.

-----

If you shoot the Walther PP in both .32 ACP and .380 ACP, you quickly realize that the pistol is a very sweet shooting pistol in .32 ACP, with superb accuracy and an ability to deliver very rapid follow up shots. The .380 ACP in the PP is not hard recoiling by any means, but it is sharper than the .380 ACP. I've carried both and I've never felt much less under gunned with a .32 ACP than with a .380 ACP.
 
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That's debatable, particularly in FMJ or LRN format.

Both rounds have a muzzle velocity of around 1000-1050 fps, and penetration with the .32 ACP is just as good as the .380 ACP, with the smaller diameter making up for the lighter weight, and the difference in wound channel is minimal. Plus in the same pistol type, the .32 ACP offers one more round in the magazine than you get with .380 ACP.

Of course you're right, but with the possible exception of the magazine capacity, you're applying modern concepts to old decisions; I daresay neither velocities nor wound channel were significant or even available considerations at the time the 7.65mm became the standard police round in Europe. So it really supports my point that stopping power was simply not a concept on the radar at the time.
On a cultural note, the shift to the smaller calibers especially in Germany went hand-in-hand with what I would call the "de-militarization" of the police. Police officers in the Wilhelminian Empire (frequently ex-NCO's) were usually still armed with sabers and military-caliber handguns, and up into the Third Reich a lot of uniformed policemen continued to carry Lugers.
 

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For those that would like to read the actual Thompson-LaGarde report rather than read someone's opinion about someone else's opinion as published 80 years after the fact: Thompson-LaGarde
 

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