Back up the thread drift for a learning opportunity.
Phillip Johnston, a World War I veteran and son of a missionary was also a civil engineer for the city of Los Angeles. He proposed the use of Navajo to the USMC at the beginning of WWII. Johnston was raised on the Navajo reservation and was one of the few non-Navajos who spoke their language fluently. At that time, Navajo was an unwritten language. By some estimates, at the outbreak of WWII fewer than 30 non-Navajos could understand the language.
Early in 1942, Johnston met with Major General Clayton B. Vogel, the commanding general of Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet. Later, the first 29 Navajo recruits attended boot camp in May 1942. This first group then created the Navajo code at Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, California.
At the Battle of Iwo Jima, Major Howard Connor, 5th Marine Division deployed 6 Navajo code talkers working 24X7 during the first 2 days of the battle. These 6 sent and received over 800 messages (all without error). Connor later stated, "Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima."
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