The most dangerous game....
Chess. The most dangerous game?
Good question. Cut me some slack if this list ain't perfect....uh, isn't perfect. It's a pretty lengthy mass to edit.
This is a list of top flight chess masters who died young or under unusual circumstances. I threw in a few prizes for longevity, proving that chess will kill you sooner or later.
Note the stress and tension of tournament play over hours and days. It's no wonder that heart attacks are an occupational disease, especially for grandmasters.
Those who died of a heart attack include Adolf Anderssen (age 60), Vladimir Bagirov (64), Joseph Blackburne (82), Efim Bogoljubov (63), Gyula Breyer (28), Jose Capablanca (53), Max Euwe (80), Paul Keres (59), Emanuel Lasker (72), Paul Leonhardt (57), Frank Marshall (67), Miguel Najdorf (87), Cecil Purdy of Australia (73), Sammy Reshevsky (80), Gideon Stahlberg (59), Howard Staunton (64), Leonid Stein ( 38), Herman Steiner (50), and Alexei Suetin (74), Vladimir Simagin (49), Alexey Vyzmanavin (40).
Thirteen of these died while playing or just having finished a game.
Another leading cause of death is cancer. Rosendo Balinas rdo Barbero (age 40), Mikhail Botvinnik (83), Ricardo Calvo (59), Efim Geller (73), Tigran Petrosian (55), Karl Robatsch ( 71), Daniel Yanofsky (74), Claude Bloodgood (64)
Some masters died of accidental death. Grandmaster Georgy Agzamov of Russia died in 1986 at the age of 32 after he fell between some rocks while swimming in the Black Sea while taking a break from a tourney.
Alexander Alekhine died at the age of 53 from a piece of choked meat. (disputed, murder and heart attack are suspected. The former World champion was shunned after WWII and had just been invited to a tournament)
Janos Flesch died in a car wreck at the age of 50. So did Cuban Grandmaster Guillermo Garcia. He was 36.
Julius Perlis, a strong master, died in 1913 at the age of 33 from a fall on a mountain in the Alps.
Frederick Yates died from a gas leak in his house. So did Hungarian International Master Arpad Vajda.
International Master Nicholas Rossolimo fell down a flight of stairs in New York and died at 65.
There were some who committed suicide.
Curt von Bardeleben jumped to his death from his boarding home. Karen Grigorian also jumped to his death at age 42. Lemit Oll also jumped to his death from his 4th story apartment at age 35. Alvis Vitolins also jumped to his death at age 59. (These gave rise to a book by Vladamir Nabokov called "The Defense" that was made into a movie called "The Luhzin Defense" starring John Turruro and Emily Watson.
The most unusual death is a chess player named "Nikolai Titov" whose head exploded during the Moscow Candidate Masters' Chess Championships due to the condition 'Hyper-Cerebral Electrosis'. (This is a myth, his head did NOT literally explode.)
Diabetes killed Mikhail Chigorin 58 and Louis Paulsen 68.
The most famous player, Bobby Fischer 64 died of kidney failure while exiled in Iceland for breaking the Yugoslavia trade embargo for playing his old nemesis, Boris Spassky. Bobby won. The same cause of death of another world champion Mikhael Tal (1936-1992) (Fischer was the only player to visit Tal in the hospital)
Another unusual cause of death were Bright's Disease, Alexander McDonnell 37; Syphillis, Harry Pillsbury 34; Scarlet Fever, Richard Reti 40;
Abram Rabinovich 52 starvation.
During the war, the Germans arrested all the chess players that were meeting at the Warsaw Chess Club , which was banned earlier . The Jews were all taken to a concentration camp and were later killed in a mass execution. This included Polish masters Dawid Przepiorka, Achilles Frydmann, Stanislaw Kohn, and Moishe Lowtzky.
Abe Turner 38 Stabbed nine times in the back by a fellow employee at the Chess Review (the American chess organ, now called Chess Life) office
Alexandre Deschapelles 67 Hydropsy
Aivars Gipslis 53 Stroke while playing Chess in Berlin
Alexander Ilyin-Genevsky 58 1Died in the siege of Leningrad while on a barge (mass evacuation)
Alexander McDonnell 37 Died of Bright's disease
Alexander Zaitsev 36 Died of thrombosis as a consequence of a leg operation
Alexi Troitzky 77 Died of starvation during the siege of Leningrad
Andor A. Lilienthal 99!!! Died after a long illness
Aron Nimzovich 49 Died of pneumonia
Arthur Dake 90 Died in his sleep
Bent Larsen 55 Died from a cerebral hemorrhage
Boris Kostic 76 Blood poisoning from a scratch
Carl Schlechter 44 Died from pneumonia and starvation.
Curt Von Bardelebeen 62 Jumped out of a window
Cecil de Vere 30 Tuberculosis
Claude Bloodgood 75 Lung cancer while in prison for life
Daniel Yanovsky 75 Cancer
David Bronstein 82 Died of a stroke in Minsk,Belarus
David Przepiorka 60 Died in a mass execution outside Warsaw
Dawid Janowsky 59 Tuberculosis
Ed Edmundson 72 Died of a heart attack while playingChess on a beach in Hawaii
Edgar Colle 35 Died after an operation for a gastric ulcer
Edmar Mednis 65 Pneumonia and cardiac arrest
Eduard Gufeld 66 Stroke
Efim Bogoljubov 61 Suffered a heart attack after a simultaneous display
Efim Geller 73 Cancer
Erik Andersen 33 Unknown
Frederick Yates 38 Died in his sleep from a leak in a faulty gas pipe connection
George Koltanowski 97!!! Heart failure
George Mackenzie 54 Suicide: took an overdose of morphine.
Guillermo Garcia 37 Car wreck
Gyula Breyer 28 Died from heart disease
Harry Pillsbury 34 Died of syphilis
Henry Buckle 42 Typhoid fever
Herman Steiner 50 Died after a California StateChampionship game
Ignatz von Kolisch 52 Kidney failure
Janos Flesch 50 Died in a car wreck in England
Johann Allgaie 50 Dropsy
Johann Zukertort 46 Died of a stroke while playing Chess
at a London coffee-house
Johannes Minckwitz 52 Suicide: threw himself under a train
Josef Cukierman 41 Committed suicide during world war II
Julius Perlis 33 Died in a mountain climb in the Alps
Karel Treybal 66 Died a victim of the Nazis
Karen Grigorian 42 Suicide by jumping
Karl Robatsch 72 Stomach and throat cancer
Klaus Junge 21 German army officer killed in action (Member of the Nazi Youth Movement, There are pictures of him in tournaments with his swastika arm band)
Larry Melvyn Evans 68 Died from complications following a gallbladder operation
Leonid Kubbel 53 Died in the siege of Leningrad
Leonid Stein 39 Stroke
Lionel Kieseritzky 47 Died in a mental asylum, so did Akiba Rubinstein.
Louis Bourdonnais 45 Died of diabetes
Louis Paulsen 58 Died of diabetes
Mikhail Botvinnik 84 Died of cancer
Mikhail Chigorin 58 Died of diabetes
Nicholas Rossolimo 65 Fell from flight of stairs and died of head injuries
Nikolai Grigoriev 43 Died from appendicitis
Nikolai Krylenko 53 Executed in Stalin's purges
Paolo Boi 60 Poisoned (murdered) in Naples
Paul Morphy 47 Died of a stroke while taking a cold bath. A true early American chess genius.
Pierre Saint-Amant 72 Died after a fall from his carriage
Ricardo Calvo 59 Esophagus cancer
Richard Reti 40 Died of scarlet fever
Rosendo Balinas 57 Liver cancer
Rudolf Rezso Charousek 27 Died of tuberculosis
Salo Landau 41 Killed by Nazis at a German concentration camp
Samuel Boden 46 Died of typhoid fever
Stefan Zweig 61 Committed suicide
Thomas Barnes 49 Complications with too much weight loss
Tigran Petrosian 55 Died of cancer
Tony Miles 46 Died in his sleep at age 46, he was diabetic and thought to be mentally disturbed
Vera Menchik 38 Died in the V1 (buzz bomb) German bombing of London (One of the first great women players)
Vladimir Petrov 38 Died in a prison camp in Russia
Vsevolod Rauzer 33 Died of tuberculosis
Vugar Gashimov 27 Brain tumor
William Henry Russ 33 Shot himself in the head
Danial Noteboom 22 Pneumonia caught at the infamous cold winter Hastings Tourney that draws many strong masters.
Louis Bordonnaise 45 Poverty and neglect
Ruldolf von Bilguer 35 Tuberculosis
Carl Walbrodt 31 Tuberculosis
Gustav Neumann 48 Mental illness led to a physical decline.
Carlos Torre 76 Mexican Grandmaster who early on experienced mental decline and dropped out of sight until he died
David Janowsky 60 Successful, but gambled himself into poverty and died from Tuberculosis.
Savielly Tartakower 68 Accomplished in many fields, Tartakower was tragically poor his entire life from gambling
Mark Stolberg 19 Disappeared on the Russian Front and no one knows where his grave is.
Notes:
The overabundance of people dying prematurely.
War caused many cases of starvation, but many were also caused by pure deprivation and poverty from not being able to make a living, much less support a family.
TB was an attrocious killer. Players often overtended themselve and failed to take care of themselves and TB was one of the biggest killers in the 1800s. Heavy smoking was rife.
Players have fared better the last half of the 1900s, partly due to Bobby Fischer putting chess on the map and raising tournament prizes. There are still many players and hustlers who are broke, that are still trying to achieve just a 'Master' Rating, much less International Master or International Grand Master.